Dietary nutrient compositions

ABSTRACT

Provided herein are dietary supplement compositions comprising a plurality of beadlets and an oil. Provided herein are also dietary supplement compositions comprising a plurality of mini-tabs and oil. The beadlets or mini-tabs comprise at least one nutrient that is miscible in aqueous solution, and the oil comprises at least one fat-soluble nutrient. The composition may be contained within one or more capsules, and be packaged with a scented insert.

CROSS-REFERRENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.15/719,127, filed on Sep. 28, 2017, the contents of which is herebyincorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to dietary supplements, andmore specifically to dietary supplement compositions comprising two ormore nutrients in separate phases.

BACKGROUND

The Daily values for nutrients listed on Food and Dietary SupplementFacts panels were established by the 7^(th) Revised Edition ofRecommended Dietary Allowances Report by the United States NationalResearch Council, Food and Nutrition Board, published in 1968.Recommended allowances (values) for some nutrients have changed insuccessive iterations of the Food and Nutrition Board meetings, but theDaily Values for many others have not changed.

The human studies used to determine these values were performed decadesago, primarily from balance studies and population intake averages,often without considering nutrient functionality, and when the role ofcertain nutrients and their metabolism by certain populations andindividuals was not well understood. Thus, these values may not reflectthe nutrient needs of certain human populations. Many multiplevitamin-mineral supplement products are unbalanced in view of modernhuman needs in that they oversupply certain nutrients and/or aredeficient in others. Some supplements are produced using forms ofnutrients based on stability or price, rather than what is mostefficacious in the human body.

There have also been new observations about how the interplay ofdifferent nutrients, the presence of certain excipients, and the form ofnutrients can affect nutrient absorption and/or metabolism. For example,Vitamin E exists in at least eight dietary forms. Specific Vitamin Ebinding proteins and receptors control Vitamin E metabolism, includingformation of long-chain metabolites that can play a key role in VitaminE functionality.

Finally, the diversity of nutrients is reflected in the diversity oftheir physical forms. It can be difficult to formulate a singlesupplement comprising nutrients miscible in aqueous solutions along withthose that are fat-soluble. Combining solid nutrients with liquidnutrients can also be challenging. Those looking to consume acombination of nutrients often have to take an assortment of differenttablets, capsules, powder, films, liquids, soft-gels, and/or gummyforms.

Thus, what is needed are nutrient supplements wherein the nutrients canbe administered together, as one composition. In addition, what isneeded are nutrient supplements which are formulated to comprise lowlevels, or are essentially free of, certain excipients.

BRIEF SUMMARY

In one aspect, provided herein is a dietary supplement which comprises aplurality of beadlets and oil, wherein:

the beadlets are solid, and comprise one or more nutrients miscible inaqueous solution selected from the group consisting of vitamin B12,boron, magnesium, iron, and folate; and

the oil is liquid, and comprises one or more fat-soluble nutrientsselected from the group consisting of vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E,and omega-3 fatty acids.

In some variations, the dietary supplement is a daily women's healthdietary supplement. In some variations, the beadlets comprise boron andmagnesium, and the oil comprises vitamin D and vitamin K. In othervariations, the beadlets comprise vitamin B12, boron, magnesium, iron,and folate; and the oil comprises vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, andomega-3 fatty acids.

In one aspect, provided herein is a dietary supplement wherein:

the beadlets comprise vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, boron as calciumfructoborate, magnesium as a magnesium-sucrosome compound, iron asferrous bisglycinate, and folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolateglucosamine salt; and

the oil comprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, vitamin E asmixed tocopherols, and the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid andeicosapentaenoic acid.

In another aspect, provided herein is a dietary supplement wherein:

the beadlets consist essentially of methylcobalamin, calciumfructoborate, a magnesium-sucrosome compound, ferrous bisglycinate,(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt, cellulose, citric acid,corn starch, corn zein, dicalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate,lecithin, rice starch, and silica; and

the oil consists essentially of menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, mixedtocopherols, algal oil comprising omega-3 fatty acids, ascorbylpalmitate, d-alpha-tocopherol, coconut oil, medium chain triglycerides,silica, sunflower oil, and one or more odorant agents.

In another aspect, provided herein is a dietary supplement wherein:

the beadlets consist essentially of methylcobalamin, calciumfructoborate, a magnesium-sucrosome compound, ferrous bisglycinate,(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt, cellulose, citric acid,corn starch, corn zein, tricalcium phosphate, lecithin, rice starch, andsilica; and

the oil consists essentially of menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, mixedtocopherols, algal oil comprising omega-3 fatty acids, ascorbylpalmitate, d-alpha-tocopherol, coconut oil, medium chain triglycerides,silica, sunflower oil, and one or more odorant agents.

In one variation, which may be combined with any of the precedingvariations, the dietary supplement is a daily women's health dietarysupplement. In some variations, the dietary supplement is packaged in atransparent bottle. In some variations, the bottle comprises a scentedinsert. In some variations, the scented insert comprises a polymer and ascented oil. In certain variations, the scented insert consistsessentially of ethylene vinyl acetate and peppermint oil.

In some variations, each unit dose of the dietary supplement comprisesbetween about 80 mcg to about 100 mcg vitamin K; between about 1800 IUto about 2200 IU vitamin D; between about 7 mcg to about 9 mcg vitaminB12; between about 0.9 mg to about 1.1 mg boron; between about 9 IU toabout 11 IU of vitamin E; between about 45 mg to about 55 mg magnesium;between about 540 mcg to about 660 mcg of folate; between about 7 mg toabout 9 mg iron; and between about 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3fatty acids.

In some variations, each unit dose of the dietary supplement comprisesbetween about 80 mcg to about 100 mcg vitamin K; between about 1800 IUto about 2500 IU vitamin D; between about 5 mcg to about 20 mcg vitaminB12; between about 0.9 mg to about 1.1 mg boron; between about 9 IU toabout 15 IU of vitamin E; between about 35 mg to about 65 mg magnesium;between about 500 mcg to about 800 mcg of folate; between about 7 mg toabout 9 mg iron; and between about 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3fatty acids.

In some variations, which may be combined with any of the precedingvariations, the daily women's health dietary supplement comprisesvitamin D₃, vitamin K, boron, and magnesium, and: the weight ratio ofvitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about 0.045:0.099 to about 0.055:0.081;the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 0.081:1.1 to about0.099:0.9; and the weight ratio of magnesium to boron is from about45:1.1 to about 55:0.9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description sets forth numerous exemplary configurations,methods, parameters, and the like. It should be recognized, however,that such description is not intended as a limitation on the scope ofthe present disclosure, but is instead provided as a description ofexemplary embodiments.

Provided herein are dietary supplement compositions comprising aplurality of solid beadlets and oil, wherein the beadlets comprise atleast one nutrient and the oil comprises at least one nutrient. Alsoprovided herein are dietary supplement compositions comprising aplurality of solid mini-tabs and oil, wherein the mini-tabs comprise atleast one nutrient and the oil comprises at least one nutrient. In someembodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise at least one nutrientthat is miscible in aqueous solution, and the oil comprises at least onenutrient that is fat-soluble. In certain embodiments, the oil is liquid.Thus, provided herein are compositions comprising a plurality of solidbeadlets and oil, wherein the beadlets comprise at least one nutrient,the oil comprises at least one nutrient, and the beadlets and oil form aheterogeneous mixture. Provided herein are also compositions comprisinga plurality of solid mini-tabs and oil, wherein the mini-tabs compriseat least one nutrient, the oil comprises at least one nutrient, and themini-tabs and oil form a heterogeneous mixture. In certain embodiments,the compositions provided herein allow for the delivery of bothfat-soluble and aqueous-miscible nutrients together in one mixture. Thismay avoid, for example, the requirement of separate capsules or tabletsto deliver a combination of nutrients to a subject.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement is contained within acapsule shell. In some embodiments, the capsule shell delays release ofthe oil and beadlets, or oil and mini-tabs, until the composition haspassed through the stomach of a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammalis a human. The capsule shell may be essentially free of componentsderived from animals.

I. Definitions

The term “nutrient” as used herein refers to any nutritional or dietarysupplement including but not limited to vitamins, minerals, amino acids,probiotics, or fatty acids, or concentrates, metabolites, constituents,or combinations of the same.

The term “unit dose” or “unit dosage” means a dosage form containing anamount of the composition described herein in one single dose. The unitdose may be, for example, in the form of one or more capsules.

II. Beadlet

Provided herein are dietary supplement compositions comprising aplurality of solid beadlets, which comprise a core and one or morecoatings. At least one of the one or more coatings comprises at leastone nutrient miscible in an aqueous solution. Thus, the beadletscomprise at least one nutrient miscible in an aqueous solution. In someembodiments, nutrients miscible in aqueous solution include those thatare soluble in aqueous solution, will suspend in aqueous solution, orwill dissolve in aqueous solution as a salt, or any combinationsthereof. In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise at least onenutrient soluble in an aqueous solution, for example wherein at leastone of the one or more coatings of the beadlets comprises at least onenutrient soluble in an aqueous solution. In certain embodiments, thebeadlets comprise one or more nutrients that are soluble in thegastrointestinal tract of a mammal. The beadlets may comprise one ormore nutrients that are soluble in the small intestine of a mammal, thelarge intestine of a mammal, or both. In some embodiments, the beadletscomprise one or more nutrients that are soluble in the small intestineof a mammal. In some embodiments, the mammal is a human. The one or morenutrients may be, for example, vitamins or dietary minerals, orcombinations thereof.

A. Core

Each beadlet comprises a core. The core may be any suitable shape. Forexample, the core may be generally spherical in shape, or generallyovoid in shape. In some embodiments, the core is a sphere. In otherembodiments, the core is an ovoid. The core comprises a solid material.In certain embodiments, the core comprises cellulose, such asmicrocrystalline cellulose (MCC). In some embodiments, the core isessentially free of disaccharides, essentially free of monosaccharides,or essentially free of both disaccharides and monosaccharides. In someembodiments, the core is essentially free of glucose, fructose,galactose, mannose, arabinose, erythrose, and allose. In otherembodiments, the core is essentially free of sucrose, lactose,lactulose, and maltose. In certain embodiments, the core is essentiallyfree of glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, erythrose,allose, sucrose, lactose, lactulose, and maltose. In one embodiment, thecore is essentially free of sucrose.

B. Coating

Each beadlet comprises one or more coating layers surrounding the core,wherein at least one of the one or more coating layers is a nutrientlayer comprising a nutrient miscible in an aqueous solution. In someembodiments, least one of the one or more coating layers is a nutrientlayer comprising a nutrient soluble in an aqueous solution. In someembodiments, the beadlet comprises a plurality of nutrient layers. Forexample, a beadlet may comprise a first nutrient layer surrounding thecore, and a second nutrient layer surrounding the first nutrient layer.

The one or more nutrient layers may independently comprise at least onenutrient. Each nutrient layer may independently comprise a singlenutrient, or a plurality of nutrients. Thus, for example, in certainembodiments the beadlet comprises a core, an initial nutrient layercomprising a plurality of nutrients surrounding the core, and anadditional nutrient layer comprising one nutrient surrounding the firstnutrient layer.

The one or more coating layers may independently comprise one or moreexcipients, for example one or more binders, fillers, diluents,lubricants, or any combination thereof. In certain embodiments, theexcipient is selected from the group consisting of cellulosic material,citric acid, starch, protein, alginate, calcium phosphate salts (such astricalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate), lecithin, and silica. Insome embodiments, the cellulosic material is microcrystalline cellulose(MCC). The starch may be corn starch, rice starch, pea starch, tapiocastarch, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the starch ispregelatinized. In some embodiments, the excipient is a vegetable gum,or mixture of vegetable gums. In certain embodiments, the protein iszein, such as corn zein. The one or more excipients may include one ormore excipients combined with a nutrient to form a coating layer; or oneor more excipients associated with one or more nutrients as a nutrientcompound; or any combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the beadlets comprise at least one nutrientlayer that comprises one or more excipients. In some embodiments, thebeadlets comprise a coating layer that consists essentially of anexcipient. The coating layer may comprise up to 95 wt %, up to 98 wt %,up to 99 wt %, up to 99.5 wt %, up to 99.9 wt %, or up to 99.99 wt % ofone or more excipients. In one embodiment, the coating layer compriseszein, such as corn zein.

In some embodiments, the outer-most layer of the beadlets is a coatinglayer that does not comprise a nutrient, such as a vitamin, probiotic,dietary mineral, or fatty acid. The outer coating may help maintain theheterogeneous mixture of the beadlets in the oil, and may prevent thenutrients coating the beadlet core from contacting the oil. Separatingcertain nutrients by using the beadlet-in-oil compositions describedherein may help maintain the stability and activity of certainnutrients, which in turn may improve absorption and/or activity in thebody. For example, iron salt may interact with and negatively impact thepotency of vitamin D₃, vitamin E, vitamin B12, DHA and EPA. Incompositions comprising two or more of these nutrients, locating theiron in the solid beadlets and one or more of the other nutrients in theoil may prevent or reduce interactions between iron and the othernutrients.

In certain embodiments, the outer layer comprises a protein, such ascorn zein. In some embodiments, the outer layer consists essentially ofa protein, such as corn zein. The corn zein may, in some embodiments, bederived from corn that has not been genetically modified.

In certain embodiments, one or more coating layers, including one ormore nutrient layers, of the beadlets are essentially free of certainexcipients. For example, the one or more coating layers of the beadletsmay be essentially free of titanium (such as titanium dioxide), polymerssynthesized from petroleum or petroleum products, polyvinylpyrrolidine,polyethylene glycols, talc, disaccharides (such as sucrose), or lacresin (shellac), or any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments,the beadlets comprise less than 0.1 wt %, less than 0.01 wt %, less than0.001 wt %, or less than 0.0001 wt % of titanium (such as titaniumdioxide), polymers synthesized from petroleum or petroleum products,polyvinylpyrrolidine, polyethylene glycols, talc, disaccharides (such assucrose), or lac resin (shellac), or any combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, one or more coating layers, including one ormore nutrient layers, of the beadlets are essentially free of artificialcolorants. For example, the one or more coating layers of the beadletsmay be essentially free of FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C GreenNo. 3, FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), FD&C Yellow No. 6, or FD&C RedNo. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, or the lake pigments of any of these, or anycombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the beadlets comprise lessthan 0.1 wt %, less than 0.01 wt %, less than 0.001 wt %, less than0.0001 wt %, or less than 0.00001 wt % of FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No.2, FD&C Green No. 3, FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), FD&C Yellow No. 6,FD&C Red No. 3, or FD&C Red No. 40, or the lake pigments of any ofthese, or any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, one or moreof the coating layers, including one or more of the nutrient layers, ofthe beadlets comprise one or more natural colorants.

In one embodiment, the plurality of beadlets comprise a solid corecomprising MCC; an initial nutrient layer surrounding the core,comprising at least one nutrient and one or more excipients; anadditional nutrient layer surrounding the first nutrient layer,comprising at least one nutrient; and an outer coating layer thatcomprises corn zein. There may be one or more other nutrient layerslocated between the initial nutrient layer and the additional nutrientlayer.

In some embodiments, the solid beadlets comprising a core and one ormore coatings have an average diameter of between about 0.5 mm to about10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 6 mm, about 0.5mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, or about 1 mm to about 2mm.

In some embodiments, the beadlets begin to dissolve within 15 minutes,within 10 minutes, within 5 minutes, within 1 minute, or within 30seconds of contact with an aqueous solution.

III. Mini-Tab

Provided herein are dietary supplement compositions comprising aplurality of solid mini-tabs comprising at least one nutrient misciblein an aqueous solution. In some embodiments, nutrients miscible inaqueous solution include those that are soluble in aqueous solution,will suspend in aqueous solution, or will dissolve in aqueous solutionas a salt, or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, themini-tabs comprise at least one nutrient soluble in an aqueous solution.In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or more nutrientsthat are soluble in the gastrointestinal tract of a mammal. Themini-tabs may comprise one or more nutrients that are soluble in thesmall intestine of a mammal, the large intestine of a mammal, or both.In some embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or more nutrients thatare soluble in the small intestine of a mammal. In some embodiments, themammal is a human. The one or more nutrients may be, for example,vitamins or dietary minerals, or combinations thereof.

The plurality of solid mini-tabs may comprise one or more excipients,for example one or more binders, fillers, diluents, lubricants, or anycombination thereof. In certain embodiments, the excipient is selectedfrom the group consisting of cellulosic material, citric acid, starch,protein, alginate, calcium phosphate salts (such as tricalcium phosphateand dicalcium phosphate), lecithin, and silica. In some embodiments, thecellulosic material is microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The starch maybe corn starch, rice starch, pea starch, tapioca starch, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, the starch is pregelatinized.In some embodiments, the excipient is a vegetable gum, or mixture ofvegetable gums. In certain embodiments, the protein is zein, such ascorn zein. The one or more excipients may include one or more excipientscombined with a nutrient to form the mini-tabs; or one or moreexcipients associated with one or more nutrients as a nutrient compound;or any combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or more layers. Forexample, the mini-tabs may comprise a solid base form comprising atleast one aqueous-miscible nutrient and at least one excipient, and oneor more layers surrounding the base form. The one or more layers maycomprise one or more excipients. In some embodiments, the min-tabscomprise a layer that consists essentially of an excipient. The layermay comprise up to 95 wt %, up to 98 wt %, up to 99 wt %, up to 99.5 wt%, up to 99.9 wt %, or up to 99.99 wt % of one or more excipients. Inone embodiment, the layer comprises zein, such as corn zein.

In some embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise an outer-most layer that mayhelp maintain the heterogeneous mixture of the mini-tabs in the oil, andmay prevent the nutrients of the mini-tabs from contacting the oil.Separating certain nutrients by using the mini-tabs-in-oil compositionsdescribed herein may help maintain the stability and activity of certainnutrients, which in turn may improve absorption and/or activity in thebody. For example, iron salt may interact with and negatively impact thepotency of vitamin D₃, vitamin E, vitamin B12, DHA and EPA. Incompositions comprising two or more of these nutrients, locating theiron in the solid mini-tabs and one or more of the other nutrients inthe oil may prevent or reduce interactions between iron and the othernutrients.

In certain embodiments, the outer layer comprises a protein, such ascorn zein. In some embodiments, the outer layer consists essentially ofa protein, such as corn zein. The corn zein may, in some embodiments, bederived from corn that has not been genetically modified.

In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs are essentially free of certainexcipients. For example, the mini-tabs may be essentially free oftitanium (such as titanium dioxide), polymers synthesized from petroleumor petroleum products, polyvinylpyrrolidine, polyethylene glycols, talc,disaccharides (such as sucrose), or lac resin (shellac), or anycombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs compriseless than 0.1 wt %, less than 0.01 wt %, less than 0.001 wt %, or lessthan 0.0001 wt % of titanium (such as titanium dioxide), polymerssynthesized from petroleum or petroleum products, polyvinylpyrrolidine,polyethylene glycols, talc, disaccharides (such as sucrose), or lacresin (shellac), or any combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs are essentially free of artificialcolorants. For example, the mini-tabs may be essentially free of FD&CBlue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Green No. 3, FD&C Yellow No. 5(tartrazine), FD&C Yellow No. 6, or FD&C Red No. 3, FD&C Red No. 40, orthe lake pigments of any of these, or any combinations thereof. Incertain embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise less than 0.1 wt %, lessthan 0.01 wt %, less than 0.001 wt %, less than 0.0001 wt %, or lessthan 0.00001 wt % of FD&C Blue No. 1, FD&C Blue No. 2, FD&C Green No. 3,FD&C Yellow No. 5 (tartrazine), FD&C Yellow No. 6, FD&C Red No. 3, orFD&C Red No. 40, or the lake pigments of any of these, or anycombinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs, such as oneor more layers is present, comprise one or more natural colorants.

In one embodiment, the plurality of mini-tabs comprise a solid base formcomprising at least one nutrient and one or more excipients; and anouter coating layer that comprises corn zein. In some embodiments, thesolid base form comprises a plurality of nutrients.

In some embodiments, the mini-tabs have an average diameter of betweenabout 0.5 mm to about 10 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 8 mm, about 0.5 mm toabout 6 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 4 mm, about 0.5 mm to about 2.5 mm, orabout 1 mm to about 2 mm.

In some embodiments, the mini-tabs begin to dissolve within 15 minutes,within 10 minutes, within 5 minutes, within 1 minute, or within 30seconds of contact with an aqueous solution.

The mini-tabs may be generally spherical in shape, or generally ovoid inshape, or generally cylindrical with hemispherical ends, or may have oneor more flat surfaces, or may be generally disk-shaped. The mini-tabscomprise a solid material, for example by compressing a mixture of oneor more nutrients and one or more excipients to produce solid baseforms. In certain embodiments, one or more coating layers may then beapplied to the solid base forms to produce the mini-tabs. In someembodiments, the mini-tabs are essentially free of disaccharides,essentially free of monosaccharides, or essentially free of bothdisaccharides and monosaccharides. In some embodiments, the mini-tabsare essentially free of glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose,arabinose, erythrose, and allose. In other embodiments, the mini-tabsare essentially free of sucrose, lactose, lactulose, and maltose. Incertain embodiments, the mini-tabs are essentially free of glucose,fructose, galactose, mannose, arabinose, erythrose, allose, sucrose,lactose, lactulose, and maltose. In one embodiment, the mini-tabs areessentially free of sucrose.

IV. Aqueous-Miscible Nutrients

As described above, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise at least onenutrient miscible in an aqueous solution. The at least one nutrient maybe, for example, a vitamin, probiotic, or dietary mineral. In someembodiments, the nutrient is selected from the group consisting of Bvitamins, boron, magnesium, zinc, probiotics, choline, iodine, chromium,selenium, Vitamin C, and iron. In some embodiments, the nutrient isselected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron, magnesium,calcium, and iron.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise one or more B vitamins. Insome embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or more B vitamins. Forexample, the beadlets or mini-tabs may comprise vitamin B1, vitamin B6,vitamin B3, vitamin B12, folate, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the vitamin B3 is nicotinamide riboside. The vitamin B6 maybe present in any suitable form, for example as a vitamin B6 compound.In some variations, the vitamin B3 is present as pyridoxal-5′-phosphate,a pyridoxal-5′-phosphate salt, pyridoxine hydrochloride, or anycombinations thereof. In one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabscomprise vitamin B12. The vitamin B12 may be, for example,methylcobalamin. In some embodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprisefolate. The folate may be, for example, a (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate(5MTHF) salt. In one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise5MTHF glucosamine salt. In some variations, the folate is not folicacid. Providing folate as a 5MTHF salt rather than folic acid may reduceaccumulation of unmetabolized folic acid in the body. Accumulation ofunmetabolized folic acid can have negative effects on the activity ofenzymes that utilize folate. In some embodiments, the beadlets ormini-tabs comprise both folate and vitamin B12. Deficiency in vitaminB12 can sometimes be masked by the intake of folate, wherein anindividual does not notice or have the side effects of a vitamin B12deficiency but can still be deficient, and sustain physiological damagefrom said deficiency. Including vitamin B12 and folate may be importantto maintaining adequate levels of both vitamins, and avoiding thedetrimental effects of vitamin B12 deficiency. In some embodiments, thebeadlets or mini-tabs comprise vitamin B1, in other embodiments, thebeadlets or mini-tabs comprise vitamin B6. In still further embodiments,the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise vitamin B3. In certain embodiments,the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise vitamin B12 and folate. In otherembodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise vitamin B1, vitamin B6,and vitamin B3.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise boron. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise boron. The boron may be present in any suitableform, for example as a boron compound. In certain embodiments, thebeadlets or mini-tabs comprise a carbohydrate-boron complex. This mayinclude complexes of boron with one or more sugar and/or sugar alcoholmolecules. The sugar molecule may be a monosaccharide, disaccharide,trisaccharide, oligosaccharide, or polysaccharide, and the sugar alcoholmay be any alcohols of any of those. Suitable sugars and sugar alcoholsmay include those with three to six carbons, for example pentoses orhexoses. The carbohydrate-boron complex may include complexes betweenboron and fructose, glucose, mannose, sorbose, sorbulose, sorbitol,xylose, xylulose, or xylitol. For example, the boron carbohydrate-boroncomplex may be fructoborate, or borogluconate In some embodiments, theboron is in the form of a salt of a carbohydrate-boron complex, forexample a calcium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chromium,or vanadium salt. In certain embodiments, the boron is in the form of afructoborate salt. In one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprisecalcium fructoborate. In other embodiments, the boron is in the form ofa borogluconate salt, such as calcium borogluconate. In certainembodiments, the boron is not boric acid, sodium borate, or boricanhydride.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise magnesium. In someembodiments, the mini-tabs comprise magnesium. The magnesium may bepresent in any suitable form, for example as a magnesium compound. Insome variations, the magnesium is in the form of a magnesium salt.Magnesium salts may include magnesium ascorbate, magnesium aspartate,magnesium citrate, magnesium gluconate, magnesium glycerophosphate,magnesium glycinate, magnesium lactate, magnesium levulinate, magnesiummalate, magnesium orotate, magnesium pidolate, and magnesium taurate. Insome variations, the magnesium is magnesium malate, for exampledimagnesium malate. In certain variations, the magnesium is in the formof magnesium oxide. In one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabscomprise magnesium oxide encapsulated within a phospholipid membrane.For example, in one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise amagnesium-sucrosome compound, wherein magnesium oxide is encapsulatedwithin a sucrosome particle, or a plurality of sucrosome particles. Thesucrosome particle may comprise sucrose esters of fatty acids. Themagnesium, such as magnesium oxide, may be encapsulated within theparticle, or plurality of particles. In some embodiments, the sucrosomeparticle further comprises a calcium phosphate, such as tricalciumphosphate. In certain embodiments, the sucrosome particle furthercomprises lecithin. The use of sucrosome particles to encapsulatemagnesium may improve absorption of the magnesium by the digestivesystem (e.g., the small intestine) compared to magnesium which is notencapsulated. One example of such an encapsulated magnesium compound isSucrosomial® magnesium. In another embodiment, the magnesium is in theform of dimagnesium malate.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise iron. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise iron. The iron may be present in any suitableform, for example as an iron compound. In some embodiments, the iron isin the form of an iron salt. Iron salts may include salts of iron andamino acids or organic acids. Iron salts may include ferrousbisglycinate, ferric bisglycinate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate,ferrous lactate, or ferrous succinate. For example, in one embodiment,the beadlets or mini-tabs comprise ferrous bisglycinate. The use offerrous bisglycinate may increase absorption of iron by the digestivesystem (e.g., the small intestine), reduce nausea associated withconsuming iron, or both, as compared to other forms of iron. In someembodiments, the iron is present as an iron-sucrosome compound, whereinthe iron is encapsulated within a sucrosome particle, or plurality ofsucrosome particles, as described above. In some embodiments, theencapsulated iron is an iron salt.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise zinc. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise zinc. The zinc may be present in any suitableform, for example a zinc compound. In some embodiments, the zinc is inthe form of a zinc salt. Zinc salts may include zinc acetate, zincascorbate, zinc carnosinate, zinc citrate, zinc glycerophosphate, zincglycinate, zinc lactate, zinc mono-L-methionate, and zinc succinate. Inone embodiment, the zinc is in the form of zinc bisglycinate.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise calcium. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise calcium. The calcium may be present in anysuitable form, for example as a calcium chelate or calcium salt. Calciumsalts may include calcium acetate, calcium ascorbate, calcium citrate,calcium glycerophosphate, calcium glycinate, calcium lactate, calciummalate, and calcium citrate-malate. In some embodiments, the calcium isin the form of a calcareous marine algae extract. In one embodiment, thecalcium is in the form of Lithothamnium spp. calcareous marine algae. Inother embodiments, the calcium is in the form of a calcium-sucrosomecompound. In some embodiments, the calcium is calcium bisglycinate.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise one or more probiotics. Insome embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or more probiotics. The oneor more probiotics may comprise one or more spore-forming species, oneor more non-spore-forming species, or any combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the one or more probiotics are spore-forming species. Inanother embodiment, the one or more probiotics are non-spore-formingspecies. In certain embodiments, the one or more probiotics comprise oneor more Bacillus species, or one or more Bacillus strains, or acombination thereof. In other embodiments, the one or more probioticscomprise one or more Bifidobacterium species, or one or moreBifidobacterium strains, or a combination thereof. In certainembodiments, the one or more probiotics comprise one or moreLactobacillus species, one or more Lactobacillus strains, or acombination thereof. In certain embodiments, one or more probioticscomprise one or more cocci species, one or more cocci strains, or acombination thereof.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise choline. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise choline. The choline may be from any suitablesource. In some embodiments, the choline is derived from a naturalsource.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise iodine. In some embodiments,the mini-tabs comprise iodine. The iodine may be present in any suitableform, for example as an iodine compound. In some embodiments, the iodineis an iodine salt, for example potassium iodide. In certain embodiments,the iodine, such potassium iodide, is derived from kelp.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise selenium. In someembodiments, the mini-tabs comprise selenium. The selenium may bepresent in any suitable form, for example as a selenium compound. Insome embodiments, the selenium is in the form of L-selenocysteine orL-selenomethionine.

In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise chromium. In someembodiments, the mini-tabs comprise chromium. The chromium may bepresent in any suitable form, for example as a chromium compound. Insome embodiments, the chromium is in the form of a compound comprisingCr³⁺. For example, chromium may be present in the form ofdinicocysteinate, nicotinate, or picolinate.

In some embodiments the beadlets comprise Vitamin C. In some embodimentsthe mini-tabs comprise Vitamin C. The vitamin C may be from any suitablesource. In some embodiments, the vitamin C is derived from a naturalsource, for example from citrus fruit, tomatoes, red peppers orpotatoes. The vitamin C may be in any suitable form, for example asascorbic acid, an ascorbate salt, or an ascorbate chelate.

The beadlets may comprise at least one, at least two, at least three, atleast four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, or at leasteight nutrients selected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron,magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, choline, chromium, probiotics,and vitamin C. In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise at least one,at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five nutrientsselected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron, magnesium, andiron. The B vitamins may be, for example, vitamin B1, vitamin B6,vitamin B3, vitamin B12, or folate, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the B vitamins are vitamin B12 or folate, or a combinationthereof. In some variations, the beadlets comprise vitamin B12, folate,boron, magnesium and iron. In other variations, the beadlets comprisevitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B3, boron, magnesium, zinc, selenium,and chromium.

The mini-tabs may comprise at least one, at least two, at least three,at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, or at leasteight nutrients selected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron,magnesium, iron, zinc, iodine, selenium, choline, chromium, probiotics,and vitamin C. In some embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise at least one,at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five nutrientsselected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron, magnesium, andiron. The B vitamins may be, for example, vitamin B1, vitamin B6,vitamin B3, vitamin B12, or folate, or a combination thereof. In someembodiments, the B vitamins are vitamin B12 or folate, or a combinationthereof. In some variations, the mini-tabs comprise vitamin B12, folate,boron, magnesium and iron. In other variations, the mini-tabs comprisevitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B3, boron, magnesium, zinc, selenium,and chromium. In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one or moreprobiotics.

V. Oil

The dietary supplement compositions provided herein also comprise oil.In certain embodiments, the oil is liquid, and comprises one or morenutrients that are fat-soluble. A fat-soluble nutrient may be a vitamin,dietary mineral, or fatty acid. For example, the fat-soluble nutrientmay be selected from the group consisting of vitamin K, vitamin D,vitamin E, mixed carotenoids, Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCTs), one ormore probiotics, and omega-3 fatty acids. In certain embodiments, theoil is liquid above about −40° F., above about −30° F., above about −20°F., above about −10° F., above about 0° F., above about 10° F., aboveabout 20° F., above about 30° F., above about 40° F., above about 50°F., above about 60° F., above about 70° F., above about 80° F., or aboveabout 90° F. In some embodiments, the oil is liquid above about −40° F.,or above about −30° F.

It should be understood that the oil may be one oil, or a mixture ofoils. In certain variations, the oil comprises one or more fat-solublenutrients, wherein at least one fat-soluble nutrient is itself an oil.

A. Nutrients

In some embodiments, the oil comprises one or more omega-3 fatty acids.For example, in certain embodiments, the oil comprises docosahexaenoicacid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), or a combination thereof. Insome variations, the oil comprises algal oil, wherein the algal oilcomprises DHA, EPA, or a combination thereof. The algal oil may bederived from one or more species of algae, for example one or morespecies Schizochytrium. In other embodiments, the oil comprises DHA,EPA, or a combination thereof, wherein the DHA, EPA, or combinationthereof is derived from algal oil. The DHA, EPA, or combination thereofmay be derived from one or more species of algae, for example one ormore species of Schizochytrium. In certain embodiments, the omega-3fatty acids, such as DHA, EPA, or combinations thereof, are derived fromvegan sources, such as algae. In certain embodiments, the algal oilcomprises up to about 10 wt %, up to about 20 wt %, up to about 30 wt %,up to about 40 wt %, up to about 50 wt %, up to about 60 wt %, up toabout 70 wt %, up to about 80 wt %, up to about 90 wt %, or up to about99 wt % omega-3 fatty acids. The omega-3 fatty acids may be, forexample, DHA and EPA.

In some embodiments, the oil comprises vitamin D. The vitamin D may bevitamin D₃ (cholecalciferol). In some variations, the vitamin D isderived from a non-animal source, such as lichen.

In certain embodiments, the oil comprises vitamin K. The vitamin K maybe vitamin K₂. In some embodiments, the vitamin K₂ is MK-7. In certainembodiments, the vitamin K, such as MK-7, is from a non-soy source. Insome embodiments, the vitamin K, such as MK-7, is bioidentical, forexample synthetically produced but identical chemically to MK-7 obtainedfrom natural sources, such as from a non-soy source. Vitamin K₂ maysupport the function of calcium-binding proteins, and/or maintaincalcium levels in certain tissues.

In certain embodiments, the oil comprises vitamin E. The vitamin E maycomprise tocopherols, tocotrienols, or any combinations thereof. In someembodiments, the vitamin E is a mixture of tocopherols. In someembodiments, the oil comprises at least two compounds selected from thegroup consisting of α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol,δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol,δ-tocotrienol. In some embodiments, the oil comprises at least twocompounds selected from the group consisting of α-tocopherol,β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol. Thus, the oil may comprisevitamin E, wherein the vitamin E is at least two, at least three, or atleast four compounds selected from the group consisting of α-tocopherol,β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol. In some embodiments, theoil comprises less than 1 wt %, less than 0.5 wt %, less than 0.1 wt %,or less than 0.01 wt % of one or more tocopherol esters. In someembodiments, the vitamin E comprises α-tocopherol, and one or more othertocopherols or tocotrienols. In certain embodiments, the vitamin Ecomprises a mixture of tocopherols, and is essentially free oftocotrienols, for example comprising less than 1 wt %, less than 0.5 wt%, less than 0.1 wt %, or less than 0.01 wt % of one or moretocotrienols. In some embodiments, the vitamin E comprises α-tocopheroland γ-tocopherol in a ratio of about 0.7:1 to 1:0.7 alpha:gamma, forexample about 0.8:1 to about 1:0.8, about 0.9:1 to about 1:0.9, or about1:1.

In some embodiments, the oil comprises one or more carotenoids. The oneor more carotenoids may be, for example, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene,cryptoxanthin, lutein, or lycopene, or any combinations thereof. The oneor more carotenoids may be from natural sources, for example derivedfrom Dunaliella algae, carrot oil, palm oil, tomato, marigold, red palmoil, or any combinations thereof. Certain carotenoids, such asbeta-carotene, alpha-carotene, or cryptoxanthin, may be forms ofprovitamin A, which may have some vitamin A activity and may in someembodiments be converted to vitamin A after ingestion by a subject.

In other embodiments, the oil comprises Medium Chain Triglycerides(MCTs). The MCTs may be from any suitable source, and may include, forexample, triglycerides with aliphatic tails comprising eight, ten, ortwelve carbons. In some embodiments, the MCTs are derived from a naturalsource, such as coconut oil. In certain embodiments, the oil comprisescoconut oil.

In some embodiments, the oil comprises one or more probiotics. The oneor more probiotics may comprise one or more spore-forming species, oneor more non-spore-forming species, or any combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the one or more probiotics are spore-forming species. Inanother embodiment, the one or more probiotics are non-spore-formingspecies. In certain embodiments, the one or more probiotics comprise oneor more Bacillus species, or one or more Bacillus strains, or acombination thereof. In other embodiments, the one or more probioticscomprise one or more Bifidobacterium species, or one or moreBifidobacterium strains, or a combination thereof. In certainembodiments, the one or more probiotics comprise one or moreLactobacillus species, one or more Lactobacillus strains, or acombination thereof. In certain embodiments, one or more probioticscomprise one or more cocci species, one or more cocci strains, or acombination thereof.

The oil may comprise at least one nutrient, at least two nutrients, atleast three nutrients, at least four nutrients, at least five nutrients,at least six nutrients, at least seven nutrients, or more selected fromthe group consisting of vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, omega-3 fattyacids, one or more carotenoids, MCTs, one or more probiotics. The oilmay comprise at least one nutrient, at least two nutrients, at leastthree nutrients, or at least four nutrients selected from the groupconsisting of vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids.In some variations, the oil comprises vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E,and omega-3 fatty acids. In certain embodiments, the oil comprisesvitamin K as vitamin K₂; vitamin D as vitamin D₃; vitamin E as two ormore tocopherols; and one or more omega-3 fatty acids.

In some embodiments, the oil is translucent. In other embodiments, theoil is transparent.

B. Other Components

The oil may comprise one or more excipients, for example one or morebinders, fillers, diluents, lubricants, or viscosity adjusters, or anycombinations thereof. In some variations, the one or more excipients areselected from the group consisting of ascorbyl palmitate, plant oils,silica, medium chain triglycerides. Plant oils may be coconut oil orsunflower oil.

The oil may further comprise one or more flavor agents or odorantagents, or any combinations thereof. A flavor agent may comprise one ormore compounds that impart a flavor to the dietary supplementcomposition. An odorant agent comprises one or more compounds thatimpart an odor to the dietary supplement composition. In someembodiments, a flavor agent may also act as an odor agent. Including oneor more flavor agents and/or odorant agents in the oil may increasecompliance with a dosing regimen. For example, in certain embodiments,the oil comprises algal oil, which may impart an undesirable odor (e.g.,similar to fish). Including one or more flavor agents and/or odorantagents in an oil that also comprises algal oil may decrease theperception of an undesirable “fishy” odor, which may in turn increasecompliance with the dosing regimen of the dietary supplementcomposition.

The flavor agent or odorant agent may be derived from natural sources.In some embodiments, the odorant agent is a plant oil, a compoundderived from plants, or an oil comprising one or more compounds derivedfrom a plant. In some embodiments, the flavor agent is a plant oil, acompound derived from plants, or an oil comprising one or more compoundsderived from a plant. For example, in certain embodiments, the flavoragent or odorant agent comprises a flavor, oil, extract, or scentselected from the group consisting of mint, vanilla, ginger, grapefruit,rosemary, lemon, lime, and orange. For example, the flavor agent orodorant agent may be vanilla flavor, mint flavor, mint oil, gingerflavor, ginger oil, grapefruit flavor, grapefruit oil, rosemary flavor,rosemary oil, lemon flavor, lemon oil, orange flavor, or orange oil. Inone embodiment, the flavor agent or odorant agent comprises a mint oil.In one example, the mint oil is peppermint oil. In another embodiment,the flavor agent or odorant agent comprises vanilla flavor. In oneembodiment, the vanilla flavor is derived from natural sources.

VI. Nutrient Content

The dietary supplement compositions described herein comprise at leasttwo nutrients as described above. In some embodiments, the nutrients areindependently selected from the group consisting of dietary minerals,vitamins, probiotics, and fatty acids. The compositions may comprise anysuitable amount of the two or more nutrients.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 45 micrograms (mcg) to about 135 mcg, between about 67.5mcg to about 126 mcg, between about 67.5 mcg to about 120 mcg, betweenabout 67.5 mcg to about 112.5 mcg, between about 80 mcg to about 100mcg, between about 81 mcg to about 120 mcg, between about 81 mcg toabout 112.5 mcg, between about 81 mcg to about 99 mcg, or about 90 mcgvitamin K. In some embodiments, the dietary supplement compositioncomprises between about 81 mcg to about 120 mcg vitamin K. In someembodiments, the composition comprises between about 80 mcg to about 100mcg vitamin K. In some embodiments, the composition comprises betweenabout 81 mcg to about 112.5 mcg vitamin K. In certain embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 81 mcg to about 99 mcg vitamin K. Inone variation, the composition comprises about 90 mcg vitamin K. In someembodiments, the vitamin K is vitamin K₂. In one embodiment, the vitaminK is MK7.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 1000 IU to about 3000 IU, between about 1500 IU to about2800 IU, between about 1500 IU to about 2660 IU, between about 1500 IUto about 2500 IU, between about 1800 IU to about 3000 IU, between about1800 IU to about 2660 IU, between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU,between about 1800 IU to about 2200 IU, or about 2000 IU of vitamin D.In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about 1800 IU toabout 2660 IU vitamin D. In other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU vitamin D. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 1800 IU to about2200 IU vitamin D. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about2000 IU vitamin D. In some embodiments, the vitamin D is vitamin D₃(cholecalciferol).

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 4 mcg to about 24 mcg, between about 6 mcg to about 24mcg, between about 10 mcg to about 24 mcg, between about 4 mcg to about20 mcg, between about 6 mcg to about 20 mcg, between about 10 mcg toabout 20 mcg, between about 4 mcg to about 16 mcg, between about 6 mcgto about 16 mcg, between about 10 mcg to about 16 mcg, between about 14mcg to about 18 mcg, between about 15 mcg to about 17 mcg, 4 mcg toabout 12 mcg, between about 6 mcg to about 12 mcg, between about 6 mcgto about 11.2 mcg, between about 6 mcg to about 10.64 mcg, between about6 mcg to about 10 mcg, between about 7 mcg to about 9 mcg, between about7.2 mcg to about 11.2 mcg, between about 7.2 mcg to about 10.64 mcg,between about 7.2 mcg to about 10 mcg, between about 7.2 mcg to about8.8 mcg, or about 8 mcg, or about 16 mcg vitamin B12. In someembodiments, the composition comprises between about 7 mcg to about 9mcg vitamin B12. In other embodiments, the composition comprises betweenabout 7.2 mcg to about 10.64 mcg vitamin B12. In other embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 7.2 mcg to about 10 mcg vitamin B12.In still other embodiments, the composition comprises between about 7.2mcg to about 8.8 mcg vitamin B12. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 14.4 mcg to about 24 mcg vitamin B12. In furtherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 14.4 mcg to about21 mcg vitamin B12. In certain embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 14.4 mcg to about 20 mcg vitamin B12. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 14.4 mcg to about17.6 mcg vitamin B12. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about8 mcg vitamin B12. In another embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 16 mcg vitamin B12. In one embodiment, the vitamin B12 ismethylcobalamin.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 0.5 mg to about 1.5 mg, between about 0.75 mg to about 1.4mg, between about 0.75 mg to about 1.33 mg, between about 0.75 mg toabout 1.25 mg, between about 0.9 mg to about 1.33 mg, between about 0.9mg to about 1.25 mg, between about 0.9 mg to about 1.1 mg, or about 1.0mg boron. In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about0.9 mg to about 1.33 mg boron. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 0.9 mg to about 1.25 mg boron. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 0.9 mg to about 1.1mg boron. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 1.0 mgboron. In some embodiments, the boron is in the form of acarbohydrate-boron complex. In certain embodiment, the boron is in theform of a fructoborate salt. In one embodiment, the boron is in the formof calcium fructoborate. It should be understood that if the compositioncomprises, for example, 1.0 mg of boron, and the boron is present in theform of a chemical compound comprising boron, the composition maycomprise greater than 1.0 mg of the boron compound such that the totalboron content of the composition is 1.0 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 5 IU to about 15 IU, between about 7.5 IU to about 14 IU,between about 7.5 IU to about 13.3 IU, between about 7.5 IU to about12.5 IU, between about 9 IU to about 13.3 IU, between about 9 IU toabout 12.5 IU, between about 9 IU to about 11 IU, or about 10 IU ofvitamin E. In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about9 IU to about 13.3 IU vitamin E. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 9 IU to about 12.5 IU vitamin E. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 9 IU to about 11 IUvitamin E. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 10 IUvitamin E. In some embodiments, the vitamin E is a mixture oftocopherols. In certain embodiments, the IU value of vitamin E is basedon the content of α-tocopherol, and not on any other forms of vitamin Ewhich may be present.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 25 mg to about 75 mg, between about 37.5 mg to about 70mg, between about 37.5 mg to about 66.5 mg, between about 37.5 mg toabout 62.5 mg, between about 45 mg to about 66.5 mg, between about 45 mgto about 62.5 mg, between about 45 mg to about 55 mg, about 50 mg,between about 17.5 mg to about 52.5 mg, between about 31.5 mg to about49 mg, between about 31.5 mg to about 46 mg, between about 31.5 mg toabout 43.8 mg, between about 31.5 mg to about 38.5 mg, between about 34mg to about 41.8 mg, between about 34 mg to about 42.5 mg, between about34 mg to about 49 mg, or about 35 mg, or about 38 mg magnesium. In someembodiments, the composition comprises between about 31.5 mg to about43.8 mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about 45mg to about 66.5 mg magnesium. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 45 mg to about 62.5 mg magnesium. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 45 mg to about 55mg magnesium. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 50 mgmagnesium. In still further embodiments, the composition comprises about38 mg magnesium, or about 35 mg magnesium. In some embodiments, themagnesium is in the form of a magnesium salt. In other embodiments, themagnesium is in the form of a magnesium-sucrosome compound. In someembodiments, the magnesium is dimagnesium malate. It should beunderstood that if the composition comprises, for example, 50 mg ofmagnesium, and the magnesium is present in the form of a chemicalcompound comprising magnesium, the composition may comprise greater than50 mg of the magnesium compound such that the total magnesium content ofthe composition is 50 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 4 mg to about 27 mg, between about 6 mg to about 27 mg,between about 8 mg to about 27 mg, between about 10 mg to about 27 mg,between about 12 mg to about 27 mg, between about 14 mg to about 27 mg,about 4 mg to about 24 mg, between about 6 mg to about 24 mg, betweenabout 8 mg to about 24 mg, between about 10 mg to about 24 mg, betweenabout 12 mg to about 24 mg, between about 14 mg to about 24 mg, betweenabout 16 mg to about 24 mg, between about 18 mg to about 24 mg, betweenabout 4 mg to about 22 mg, between about 6 mg to about 22 mg, betweenabout 8 mg to about 22 mg, between about 10 mg to about 22 mg, betweenabout 12 mg to about 22 mg, between about 14 mg to about 22 mg, betweenabout 16 mg to about 22 mg, between about 4 mg to about 20 mg, betweenabout 6 mg to about 20 mg, between about 8 mg to about 20 mg, betweenabout 10 mg to about 20 mg, between about 12 mg to about 20 mg, betweenabout 14 mg to about 20 mg, between about 16 mg to about 20 mg, betweenabout 4 mg to about 12 mg, between about 6 mg to about 11.2 mg, betweenabout 6 mg to about 10.64 mg, between about 6 mg to about 10 mg, betweenabout 7.2 mg to about 10.64 mg, between about 7.2 mg to about 10 mg,between about 7.2 mg to about 8.8 mg, between about 7 mg to about 9 mg,or about 8 mg, or about 18 mg iron. In some embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 7 mg to about 9 mg iron. In certain embodiments,the composition comprises between about 7.2 mg to about 10.64 mg iron.In other embodiments, the composition comprises between about 7.2 mg toabout 10 mg iron. In still other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 7.2 mg to about 8.8 mg iron. In one embodiment, thecomposition comprises about 8 mg iron. In other embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 16 mg to about 27 mg iron. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 16 mg to about 23mg iron. In still other embodiments, the composition comprises betweenabout 16 mg to about 22 mg iron. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 16 mg to about 20 mg iron. In one embodiment,the composition comprises about 18 mg iron. In certain embodiments, theiron is present in the form of an iron salt. In other embodiments, theiron is in the form of ferrous bisglycinate. It should be understoodthat if the composition comprises, for example, 8 mg of iron, and theiron is present in the form of a chemical compound comprising iron, thecomposition may comprise greater than 8 mg of the iron compound suchthat the total iron content of the composition is 8 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 25 mg to about 75 mg, between about 37.5 mg to about 70mg, between about 37.5 mg to about 66.5 mg, between about 37.5 mg toabout 62.5 mg, between about 45 mg to about 66.5 mg, between about 45 mgto about 62.5 mg, between about 45 mg to about 55 mg, or about 50 mgcalcium. In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about 45mg to about 66.5 mg calcium. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 45 mg to about 62.5 mg calcium. In still otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 45 mg to about 55mg calcium. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 50 mgcalcium. In some embodiments, the calcium is in the form of aLithothamnium spp. calcareous marine algae. In other embodiments, thecalcium is in the form of a calcium-sucrosome compound. In someembodiments, the calcium is calcium bisglycinate. It should beunderstood that if the composition comprises, for example, 50 mg ofcalcium, and the calcium is present in the form of a chemical compoundcomprising calcium, the composition may comprise greater than 50 mg ofthe calcium compound such that the total calcium content of thecomposition is 50 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 300 mcg to about 3000 mcg, between about 450 mcg to about3000 mcg, between about 540 mcg to about 3000 mcg, between about 700 mcgto about 3000 mcg, between about 1000 mcg to about 3000 mcg, betweenabout 1300 mcg to about 3000 mcg, between about 1600 mcg to about 2600mcg, between about 1600 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about 300 mcg toabout 2600 mcg, between about 450 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about540 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about 700 mcg to about 2600 mcg,between about 1000 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about 1300 mcg toabout 2600 mcg, between about 1600 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about1600 mcg to about 2600 mcg, between about 300 mcg to about 2500 mcg,between about 450 mcg to about 2500 mcg, between about 540 mcg to about2500 mcg, between about 700 mcg to about 2500 mcg, between about 1000mcg to about 2500 mcg, between about 1300 mcg to about 2500 mcg, betweenabout 1600 mcg to about 2500 mcg, between about 1600 mcg to about 2500mcg, between about 300 mcg to about 2200 mcg, between about 450 mcg toabout 2200 mcg, between about 540 mcg to about 2200 mcg, between about700 mcg to about 2200 mcg, between about 1000 mcg to about 2200 mcg,between about 1300 mcg to about 2200 mcg, between about 1600 mcg toabout 2200 mcg, between about 1600 mcg to about 2200 mcg, between about300 mcg to about 900 mcg, between about 450 mcg to about 840 mcg,between about 450 mcg to about 800 mcg, between about 450 mcg to about750 mcg, between about 540 mcg to about 800 mcg, between about 540 mcgto about 750 mcg, between about 540 mcg to about 660 mcg, or about 600mcg, or about 2000 mcg folate. In some embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 540 mcg to about 800 mcg folate. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 540 mcg to about750 mcg folate. In still other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 540 mcg to about 660 mcg folate. In one embodiment, thecomposition comprises about 600 mcg folate. In other embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 1800 mcg to about 3000 mcg folate.In another embodiment, the composition comprises between about 1800 mcgto about 2600 mcg folate. In still further embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 1800 mcg to about 2500 mcg folate. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 1800 mcg to about2200 mcg folate. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 2000mcg folate. In certain embodiments, the folate is in the form of a 5MTHFsalt. In one embodiment, the folate is in the form of 5MTHF glucosaminesalt. It should be understood that if the composition comprises, forexample, 600 mcg of folate, and the folate is present in the form of achemical compound comprising folate, the composition may comprisegreater than 600 mcg of the folate compound such that the total folatecontent of the composition is 600 mcg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprises oneor more omega-3 fatty acids, wherein the total omega-3 fatty acidcontent is between about 160 mg to about 480 mg, between about 240 mg toabout 450 mg, between about 240 mg to about 425 mg, between about 240 mgto about 400 mg, between about 290 mg to about 425 mg, between about 290mg to about 400 mg, between about 290 mg to about 350 mg, or about 320mg. In some embodiments, the composition comprises between about 290 mgto about 425 mg of omega-3 fatty acids. In other embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 290 mg to about 400 mg of omega-3fatty acids. In still other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3 fatty acids. In oneembodiment, the composition comprises about 320 mg of omega-3 fattyacids. In certain embodiments, the one or more omega-3 fatty acids areEPA, DHA, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the one ormore omega-3 fatty acids are present as components of algal oil, or arederived from algal oil. It should be understood that if the compositioncomprises, for example, 320 mg of omega-3 fatty acids, and the one ormore omega-3 fatty acids are present as a component of algal oil in thecomposition, the composition may comprise greater than 320 mg of algaloil such that the total omega-3 fatty acid content of the composition is320 mg.

In certain, embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesone or more probiotics, wherein the probiotic content is between about10 million CFUs (Colony-Forming Units) to about 15 billion CFUs, betweenabout 10 million to about 12.5 billion CFUs, between about 10 million toabout 10 billion CFUs, between about 10 million to about 5 billion CFUs,between about 10 million to about 4 billion CFUs, between about 10million to about 3 billion CFUs, between about 10 million to about 2billion CFUs, between about 10 million to about 1 billion CFUs, betweenabout 100 million CFUs to about 15 billion CFUs, between about 100million to about 12.5 billion CFUs, between about 100 million to about100 billion CFUs, between about 100 million to about 5 billion CFUs,between about 100 million to about 4 billion CFUs, between about 100million to about 3 billion CFUs, between about 100 million to about 2billion CFUs, between about 100 million to about 1 billion CFUs, betweenabout 1 billion to about 10 billion CFUs, between about 1 billion toabout 5 billion CFUs, between about 1 billion to 4 billion CFUs, betweenabout 2 billion to about 5 billion CUFs, or between about 2 billion to 3billion CFUs. The one or more probiotics may comprise one or morespore-forming species, one or more non-spore-forming species, or anycombinations thereof. In one embodiment, the one or more probiotics arespore-forming species. In another embodiment, the one or more probioticsare non-spore-forming species. In certain embodiments, the one or moreprobiotics comprise one or more Bacillus species, or one or moreBacillus strains, or a combination thereof. In other embodiments, theone or more probiotics comprise one or more Bifidobacterium species, orone or more Bifidobacterium strains, or a combination thereof. Incertain embodiments, the one or more probiotics comprise one or moreLactobacillus species, one or more Lactobacillus strains, or acombination thereof. In certain embodiments, one or more probioticscomprise one or more cocci species, one or more cocci strains, or acombination thereof. In some embodiments, the beadlets comprise one ormore probiotics. In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs comprise one ormore probiotics. In another embodiment, the oil comprises one or moreprobiotics. In still a further embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabs andoil independently comprise one or more probiotics.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 3.75 mg to about 11.25 mg, between about 6.75 mg to about11.25 mg, between about 6.75 mg to about 10.5 mg, between about 6.75 mgto about 9.75 mg, between about 6.75 mg to about 9.375 mg, from about6.75 mg to about 8.25 mg, or about 7.5 mg zinc. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 6.75 mg to about 10.5 mg zinc. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 6.75 mg toabout 9.75 mg zinc. In yet other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 6.75 mg to about 9.375 mg zinc. In still furtherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 6.75 mg to about8.25 mg zinc. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 7.5 mgzinc. The zinc may be in any suitable form, for examples as a zinc salt.In one embodiment, the zinc is zinc bisglycinate. It should beunderstood that if the composition comprises, for example, 7.5 mg ofzinc, and the zinc is present in the form of a chemical compoundcomprising zinc, the composition may comprise greater than 7.5 mg of thezinc compound such that the total zinc content of the composition is 7.5mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 35 mcg to about 300 mcg, between about 50 mcg to about 250mcg, between about 75 mcg to about 210 mcg, between about 100 mcg toabout 190 mcg, between about 112 mcg to about 180 mcg, between about 125mcg to about 175 mcg, or about 150 mcg iodine. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 75 mcg to about 210 mcg iodine. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 100 mcg toabout 190 mcg iodine. In yet other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 112 mcg to about 180 mcg iodine. In stillfurther embodiments, the composition comprises between about 125 mcg toabout 175 mcg iodine. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about150 mcg iodine. The iodine may be in any suitable form, for examples asone or more iodine salts. In one embodiment, the iodine is potassiumiodide. It should be understood that if the composition comprises, forexample, 150 mcg of iodine, and the iodine is present in the form of achemical compound comprising iodine, the composition may comprisegreater than 150 mcg of the iodine compound such that the total iodinecontent of the composition is 150 mcg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 20 mcg to about 500 mcg, between about 25 mcg to about 400mcg, between about 30 mcg to about 300 mcg, between about 45 mcg toabout 200 mcg, between about 75 mcg to about 180 mcg, between about 90mcg to about 150 mcg, or about 120 mcg chromium. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 30 mcg to about 300 mcg chromium. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 45 mcg toabout 200 mcg chromium. In yet other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 75 mcg to about 180 mcg chromium. In stillfurther embodiments, the composition comprises between about 90 mcg toabout 150 mcg chromium. In one embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 120 mcg chromium. The chromium may be in any suitable form, forexamples as a chromium chelate. In one embodiment, the chromium ischromium histidinate. It should be understood that if the compositioncomprises, for example, 120 mcg of chromium, and the chromium is presentin the form of a chemical compound comprising chromium, the compositionmay comprise greater than 120 mcg of the chromium compound such that thetotal chromium content of the composition is 120 mcg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 20 mcg to about 400 mcg, between about 40 mcg to about 300mcg, between about 45 mcg to about 200 mcg, between about 55 mcg toabout 120 mcg, between about 60 mcg to about 90 mcg, between about 65mcg to about 75 mcg, or about 70 mcg selenium. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 40 mcg to about 300 mcg selenium. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 45 mcg toabout 200 mcg selenium. In yet other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 55 mcg to about 120 mcg selenium. In stillfurther embodiments, the composition comprises between about 25 mcg toabout 75 mcg selenium. In one embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 70 mcg selenium. The selenium may be in any suitable form, forexamples as an organic selenium compound. In one embodiment, theselenium is selenium L-methionate. It should be understood that if thecomposition comprises, for example, 120 mcg of selenium, and theselenium is present in the form of a chemical compound comprisingselenium, the composition may comprise greater than 120 mcg of theselenium compound such that the total selenium content of thecomposition is 120 mcg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 15 mg to about 1000 mg, between about 45 mg to about 750mg, between about 60 mg to about 500 mg, between about 75 mg to about300 mg, between about 90 mg to about 250 mg, between about 100 mg toabout 150 mg, or about 120 mg vitamin C. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 60 mg to about 500 mg vitamin C. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 75 mg toabout 300 mg vitamin C. In yet other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 90 mg to about 250 mg vitamin C. In stillfurther embodiments, the composition comprises between about 100 mg toabout 150 mg vitamin C. In one embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 120 mg vitamin C. The vitamin C may be in any suitable form, forexample as ascorbic acid, an ascorbate salt, or an ascorbate chelate. Inone embodiment, the vitamin C is present as a vitamin C chelate. In oneembodiment, the vitamin C is calcium ascorbate. It should be understoodthat if the composition comprises, for example, 120 mg of vitamin C, andthe vitamin C is present in the form of a chemical compound comprisingvitamin C, the composition may comprise greater than 120 mg of thecompound such that the total vitamin C content of the composition is 120mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 500 IU to about 30,000 IU, between about 1000 IU to about20,000 IU, between about 1500 IU to about 15,000 IU, between about 1800IU to about 12,000 IU, between about 2000 IU to about 11,000 IU, betweenabout 3000 IU to about 10,000 IU, between about 4000 IU to about 7500IU, between about 4500 IU to about 5500 IU, or about 5000 IU of one ormore provitamin A carotenoids. In some embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 1800 IU to about 2660 IU of one or moreprovitamin A carotenoids. In other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU of one or moreprovitamin A carotenoids. In still other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 1800 IU to about 2200 IU of one or moreprovitamin A carotenoids. In one embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 2000 IU of one or more provitamin A carotenoids. In someembodiments, the one or more provitamin A carotenoids is derived fromred palm oil. In some embodiments, the provitamin A carotenoid isbeta-carotene, alpha-carotene, or cryptoxanthin. In some embodiments,the provitamin A is beta-carotene.

In some embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 5 mg to about 20 mg, between about 5 mg to about 15 mg,between about 9 mg to about 15, between about 9 mg to about 14 mg,between about 9 mg to about 13 mg, between about 9 mg to about 11 mg, orabout 10 mg of one or more carotenoids other than beta-carotene. Forexample, in some embodiments, the dietary supplement composition maycomprise between about 5 mg to about 20 mg, between about 5 mg to about15 mg, between about 9 mg to about 15, between about 9 mg to about 14mg, between about 9 mg to about 13 mg, between about 9 mg to about 11mg, or about 10 mg of alpha-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lycopene, orlutein, or any combinations thereof.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 25 mg to about 1000 mg, between about 50 mg to about 800mg, between about 100 mg to about 750 mg, between about 200 mg to about650 mg, between about 300 mg to about 600 mg, between about 450 mg toabout 550 mg, or about 500 mg MCTs. In some embodiments the compositioncomprises between about 100 mg to about 750 mg MCTs. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 300 mg to about 600mg MCTs. In yet other embodiments, the composition comprises betweenabout 200 mg to about 650 mg MCTs. In still further embodiments, thecomposition comprises between about 550 mg to about 450 mg MCTs. In oneembodiment, the composition comprises about 500 mg MCTs. The MCTs may bepresent in any suitable form, for example as a refined coconut oil. Inone embodiment, the MCTs are present as coconut oil. It should beunderstood that if the composition comprises, for example, 500 mg ofMCTs, and the MCTs are present in the form of a chemical compound ormixture (such as coconut oil) comprising MCTs, the composition maycomprise greater than 500 mg of the MCT compound or mixture such thatthe total MCT content of the composition is 500 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 0.5 mg to about 1000 mg, between about 0.8 mg to about 500mg, between about 1.1 mg to about 100 mg, between about 1.2 mg to about50 mg, between about 1.4 mg to about 25 mg, from about 1.5 mg to about2.5 mg, or about 1.7 mg vitamin B1. In some embodiments the compositioncomprises between about 1.1 mg to about 100 mg vitamin B1. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.2 mg to about 50mg vitamin B1. In yet other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 1.4 mg to about 25 mg vitamin B1. In still furtherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 1.5 mg to about 2.5mg vitamin B1. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 120 mgvitamin B1. The vitamin B1 may be in any suitable form, for example asthiamin diphosphate. In one embodiment, the vitamin B1 is benfotiamine.It should be understood that if the composition comprises, for example,120 mg of vitamin B1, and the vitamin B1 is present in the form of achemical compound comprising vitamin B1, the composition may comprisegreater than 120 mg of the vitamin B1 compound such that the totalvitamin B1 content of the composition is 120 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 5 mg to about 500 mg, between about 10 mg to about 250 mg,between about 12 mg to about 150 mg, between about 14 mg to about 100mg, between about 16 mg to about 50 mg, between about 18 mg to about 25mg, or about 20 mg vitamin B3. In some embodiments the compositioncomprises between about 12 mg to about 150 mg vitamin B3. In otherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 14 mg to about 100mg vitamin B3. In yet other embodiments, the composition comprisesbetween about 16 mg to about 50 mg vitamin B3. In still furtherembodiments, the composition comprises between about 18 mg to about 25mg vitamin B3. In one embodiment, the composition comprises about 20 mgvitamin B3. The vitamin B3 may be in any suitable form, for examples asa niacinamide riboside. In one embodiment, the vitamin B3 is NADH. Itshould be understood that if the composition comprises, for example, 20mg of vitamin B3, and the vitamin B3 is present in the form of achemical compound comprising vitamin B3, the composition may comprisegreater than 20 mg of the vitamin B3 compound such that the totalvitamin B3 content of the composition is 20 mg.

In certain embodiments, the dietary supplement composition comprisesbetween about 0.5 mg to about 500 mg, between about 0.75 mg to about 100mg, between about 1.0 mg to about 50 mg, between about 1.2 mg to about25 mg, between about 1.5 mg to about 10 mg, between about 1.7 mg toabout 2.5 mg, or about 2.0 mg vitamin B6. In some embodiments thecomposition comprises between about 60 mg to about 500 mg vitamin B6. Inother embodiments, the composition comprises between about 75 mg toabout 300 mg vitamin B6. In yet other embodiments, the compositioncomprises between about 90 mg to about 250 mg vitamin B6. In stillfurther embodiments, the composition comprises between about 100 mg toabout 150 mg vitamin B6. In one embodiment, the composition comprisesabout 120 mg vitamin B6. The vitamin B6 may be in any suitable form, forexamples as pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. In one embodiment, the vitamin B6 ispyridoxine hydrochloride. It should be understood that if thecomposition comprises, for example, 2.0 mg of vitamin B6, and thevitamin B6 is present in the form of a chemical compound comprisingvitamin B6, the composition may comprise greater than 2.0 mg of thevitamin B6 compound such that the total vitamin B6 content of thecomposition is 2.0 mg.

It should be further understood that one or more of any of the nutrientsmay be present in more than one form. For example, one nutrient may bepresent as a mixture of salts, or may be present in one formencapsulated in a plurality of sucrosomes and in an additional form notencapsulated in a sucrosome.

A. Nutrient Ratios

The compositions as described herein may comprise any suitable ratio oftwo or more nutrients.

For example, in some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin B12and folate, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to folate is from about4:900 to about 12:300. In other embodiments, the weight ratio of vitaminB12 to folate is from about 7:840 to about 11.2:540. In still otherembodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to folate is from about7:800 to about 10.64:540. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofvitamin B12 to folate is from about 7:750 to about 10:540. In oneembodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to folate is from about7:660 to about 9:540. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12to folate is about 8:600. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofvitamin B12 to folate is from about 1:1000 to about 1:100. In still afurther embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to folate is fromabout 1:50 to about 1:10. In certain embodiments, the beadlets comprisethe vitamin B12 and folate, for example in one or more nutrient layers.In some embodiments, the vitamin B12 is methylcobalamin. In someembodiments, the folate is a 5MTHF salt, for example 5MTHF glucosaminesalt.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises iron and magnesium, andthe weight ratio of iron to magnesium is from about 4:75 to about 12:25.In other embodiments, the weight ratio of iron to magnesium is fromabout 7:70 to about 11.2:45. In still other embodiments, the weightratio of iron to magnesium is from about 7:66.5 to about 10.64:45. Inanother embodiment, the weight ratio of iron to magnesium is from about7:62.5 to about 10:45. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of iron tomagnesium is from about 7:55 to about 9:45. In one embodiment, theweight ratio of iron to magnesium is about 8:50. In another embodiment,the weight ratio of iron to magnesium is from about 1:400 to about1:100. In still a further embodiment, the weight ratio of iron tomagnesium is from about 3:75 to about 8:300. In certain embodiments, thebeadlets or mini-tabs comprise the iron and magnesium, for example inone or more nutrient layers. In some embodiments, the iron is in theform of an iron salt, for example ferrous bisglycinate. In certainembodiments, the magnesium is in the form of a magnesium salt or amagnesium-sucrosome compound.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises boron and iron, and theweight ratio of boron to iron is from about 0.5:12 to about 1.5:4. Inother embodiments, the weight ratio of boron to iron is from about0.9:11.2 to about 1.4:7. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofboron to iron is from about 0.9:10.64 to about 1.33:7. In oneembodiment, the weight ratio of boron to iron is from about 0.9:10 toabout 1.25:7. In still other embodiments, the weight ratio of boron toiron is from about 0.9:9 to about 1.1:7. In one embodiment, the weightratio of boron to iron is about 1:8. In another embodiment, the weightratio of boron to iron is from about 1:27 to about 6:18. In still afurther embodiment, the weight ratio of boron to iron is from about 1;3to about 3:4. In certain embodiments, the beadlets comprise the boronand iron, for example in one or more nutrient layers. In someembodiments, the boron is in the form of a carbohydrate-boron complex,such as a fructoborate salt, for example calcium fructoborate. In someembodiments, the iron is in the form of an iron salt, for exampleferrous bisglycinate.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin B12 and vitaminK, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about 4:135to about 12:45. In other embodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 tovitamin K is from about 7:126 to about 11.2:81. In still otherembodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about7:120 to about 10.64:81. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofvitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about 7:112.5 to about 10:81. In oneembodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about7:99 to about 9:81. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12to vitamin K is about 8:90. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofvitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about 1:50 to about 1:12. In still afurther embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K is fromabout 6:100 to about 18:100. In certain embodiments, the beadletscomprise the vitamin B12, for example in one or more nutrient layers,and the oil comprises the vitamin K. In some embodiments, the vitaminB12 is methylcobalamin. In some embodiments, the vitamin K is vitaminK₂, for example MK-7.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises one or more omega-3 fattyacids and magnesium, and the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids tomagnesium is from about 160:75 to about 480:25. In another embodiment,the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to magnesium is from about290:70 to about 450:45. In still other embodiments, the weight ratio ofomega-3 fatty acids to magnesium is from about 290:66.5 to about 426:45.In another embodiment, the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids tomagnesium is from about 290:62.5 to about 400:45. In one embodiment, theweight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to magnesium is from about 290:55 toabout 350:45. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acidsto magnesium is about 320:50. In another embodiment, the weight ratio ofomega-3 fatty acids to magnesium is from about 2000:10 to about 250:50.In yet another embodiment, the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids tomagnesium is from about 500:100 to about 640:250. In certainembodiments, the oil comprises the one or more omega-3 fatty acids, andthe beadlets comprise the magnesium, for example in one or more nutrientlayers. In some embodiments, the one or more omega-3 fatty acids areEPA, DHA, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, the one ormore omega-3 fatty acids are present as components of algal oil, or arederived from algal oil. In certain embodiments, the magnesium is in theform of a magnesium salt or a magnesium-sucrosome compound.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin E and vitamin D,and the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is from about 5:3000 to about15:1000. In other embodiments, the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D isfrom about 9:2800 to about 14:1800. In another embodiment, the IU ratioof vitamin E to vitamin D is from about 9:2660 to about 13.3:1800. Inone embodiment, the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is from about9:2500 to about 12.5:1800. In certain embodiments, the IU ratio ofvitamin E to vitamin D is from about 9:2200 to about 11:1800. In oneembodiment, the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is about 10:2000. Inanother embodiment, the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is from about10:4000 to about 30:400. In yet a further embodiment, the IU ratio ofvitamin E to vitamin D is from about 30:2000 to about 20:600. In certainembodiments, the oil comprises the vitamin E and vitamin D. In oneembodiment, the vitamin E is present as a mixture of tocopherols. Inanother embodiment, the vitamin D is present as vitamin D₃.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises boron and magnesium, andthe weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.5:75 to about1.5:25. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of boron to magnesium isfrom about 0.9:70 to about 1.4:45. In other embodiments, the weightratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.9:66.5 to about 1.33:45. Instill other embodiments, the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is fromabout 0.9:62.5 to about 1.25:45. In yet other embodiments, the weightratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.9:55 to about 1.1:45. In oneembodiment, the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is about 1:50. Inanother embodiment, the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about1:500 to about 3:30. In yet a further embodiment, the weight ratio ofboron to magnesium is from about 2:350 to about 3:450. In certainembodiments, the beadlets comprise the boron and magnesium. In someembodiments, the boron is present in the form of a carbohydrate-boroncomplex, such as a fructoborate salt, for example calcium fructoborate.In certain embodiments, the magnesium is present as a magnesium salt, ora magnesium-sucrosome compound.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin K and boron,wherein the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 45:1500 toabout 135:500. In another embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin K toboron is from about 81:1400 to about 126:900. In other embodiments, theweight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 81:1330 to 120:900. Instill other embodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is fromabout 81:1250 to about 223.5:900. In yet other embodiments, the weightratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 81:1100 to about 99:900. Inone embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is about 90:1000.In another embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is fromabout 10:6000 to about 380:1000. In yet a further embodiment, the weightratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 40:3000 to about 160:2000. Incertain embodiments, the beadlets comprise the boron, and the oilcomprises the vitamin K. In some embodiments, the boron is present inthe form of a carbohydrate-boron complex, such as a fructoborate orborogluconate salt, for example calcium fructoborate or calciumborogluconate. In certain embodiments, the vitamin K is vitamin K₂, suchas MK-7.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin D₃ and vitamin K,wherein the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about0.025:0.135 to about 0.075:0.045. In other embodiments, the weight ratioof vitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about 0.045:0.135 to about0.075:0.081. In certain embodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ tovitamin K is from about 0.045:0.12 to about 0.067:0.081. In still otherembodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about0.045:0.1125 to about 0.0625:0.081. In yet other embodiments, the weightratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about 0.045:0.099 to about0.055:0.081. In one embodiment, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ tovitamin K is about 0.05:0.09. In certain embodiment, the vitamin K isvitamin K₂, for example MK-7.

In some embodiments, the composition comprises vitamin D₃ and boron,wherein the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to boron is from about 0.025:1.5to about 0.075:0.5. In other embodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃to boron is from about 0.045:1.5 to about 0.075:0.9. In still otherembodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to boron is from about0.045:1.3 to about 0.075:0.9. In certain embodiments, the weight ratioof vitamin D₃ to boron is from about 0.045:1.25 to about 0.067:0.9. Inother embodiments, the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to boron is from about0.045:1.1 to about 0.0625:0.9. In one embodiment, the weight ratio ofvitamin D₃ to boron is about 0.05:1. In some embodiments, the boron ispresent in the form of a carbohydrate-boron complex, such as afructoborate or borogluconate salt, for example calcium fructoborate orcalcium borogluconate.

The compositions provided herein may comprise combinations of nutrients,wherein certain nutrients are present in ratios as described above. Forexample, compositions may comprise boron, magnesium, and vitamin K,wherein the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.5:75 toabout 1.5:25, or about 0.9:55 to about 1.1:45; and the weight ratio ofvitamin K to boron is from about 45:1500 to about 135:500, or about81:1100 to about 99:900.

In another embodiment, the composition comprises vitamin D₃, vitamin K,magnesium, and boron, wherein the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitaminK is from about 0.025:0.135 to about 0.075:0.045, or from about0.045:0.099 to about 0.055:0.081, or about 0.05:0.09; the weight ratioof vitamin K to boron is from about 0.045:1.5 to about 0.135:0.5, orabout 0.081:1.1 to about 0.099:0.9, or about 0.09:1; and the weightratio of magnesium to boron is from about 25:1.5 to about 75:0.5, orabout 45:1.1 to about 55:0.9, or about 50:1. In some embodiments, thevitamin K is vitamin K₂, for example MK-7. The boron may be present inthe form of a carbohydrate-boron complex, such as a fructoborate orborongluconate salt, for example calcium fructoborate or calciumborogluconate. The magnesium may be present as a magnesium salt, ormagnesium-sucrosome compound. In one embodiment, the compositioncomprises vitamin D₃, vitamin K₂ as MK-7, a magnesium-sucrosomecompound, and boron as calcium fructoborate, wherein the weight ratio ofvitamin D₃ to vitamin K₂ is about 0.05:0.09; the weight ratio of vitaminK₂ to boron is about 0.09:1; and the weight ratio of magnesium to boronis about 50:1.

B. Other Nutrients

As described above, the composition may comprise at least two nutrientsselected from the group consisting of B vitamins, boron, magnesium,zinc, probiotics, choline, iodine, chromium, selenium, Vitamin C, iron,vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, one or more carotenoids, MCTs, andomega-3 fatty acids. In some variations, the composition comprises oneor more additional nutrients, such as one or more additional vitamins,dietary minerals, or a combination thereof.

The composition may also be essentially free of one or more nutrients.For example, the composition may comprise less than 10 wt %, less than 8wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 3 wt %, less than 1 wt %, less than0.5 wt %, less than 0.2 wt %, less than 0.1 wt %, less than 0.05 wt %,less than 0.01 wt %, or less than 0.001 wt % of one or more nutrientsselected from the group consisting of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2,vitamin B4, vitamin B6, calcium, pantothenate, biotin, vitamin C,copper, manganese, selenium, chromium, and molybdenum. In someembodiments, the composition is essentially free of retinol and retinolequivalents.

In one embodiment, the composition comprises less than 10 wt %, lessthan 8 wt %, less than 5 wt %, less than 3 wt %, less than 1 wt %, lessthan 0.5 wt %, less than 0.2 wt %, less than 0.1 wt %, less than 0.05 wt%, less than 0.01 wt %, or less than 0.001 wt % calcium. In certainembodiments, the composition comprises vitamin K, vitamin D, magnesium,and boron. Administering a composition comprising this combination ofnutrients to a mammal, such as a human, may increase the absorption,utilization, and/or metabolism of calcium from the diet of the mammalwithout additional supplementation of calcium (e.g., through theadministration of calcium in a gummy, tablet, capsule, soft-gel, powder,or other supplement form).

C. Administration

The composition may be formulated for administration to a mammal. Insome embodiments, the mammal is a human. The composition may beformulated for administration to a woman, a man, or both women and men.The composition may be formulated for administration to a child, anadult, or a combination thereof. The composition may be formulated foradministration to a female, a male, or both females and males. Thecomposition may be formulated for children, adults, or seniors.

In some embodiments, the composition is formulated as a pre-natalsupplement, for example for administration to a woman attempting toconceive or who is pregnant. In other embodiments, the composition isformulated as a post-natal supplement, for example for administration toa women who has given birth within the previous 1 month, 3 months, 6months, 9 months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months, 21 months, or 24months. In some embodiments, the woman is breastfeeding. In certainembodiments, a post-natal supplement may be administered to a women atany point, or continuously, from immediately after childbirth until theearlier of stopping breastfeeding or two years following childbirth. Instill other embodiments, the composition is formulated as a supplementfor senior women, for example for administration to a woman who is about50 years of age or greater. In still further embodiments, thecomposition is formulated as a supplement for adolescent women, forexample for administration to a women between about 14 to about 18 yearsold. In other embodiments, the composition is formulated as a supplementfor administration to children of any gender from about 8 to about 14years of age. In some embodiments, the composition is formulated for aman. In certain embodiments, administration of the composition to a manmay result in maintenance of prostate health and fertility (for example,good spermatozoa and semen quality).

The composition may comprise at least two, at least three, at leastfour, or at least five nutrients selected from the group consisting of Bvitamins, boron, magnesium, iron, vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, andomega-3 fatty acids. The B vitamins may be, for example, vitamin B12, orfolate, or a combination thereof. In some variations, the compositioncomprises vitamin K, vitamin D, boron, and magnesium. In othervariations, the composition comprises vitamin B12, folate, boron,magnesium, iron, vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, and one or moreomega-3 fatty acids. The composition may comprise vitamin B12, boron asa carbohydrate-boron complex, magnesium as a magnesium salt or amagnesium-sucrosome compound, iron as an iron salt, folate as a 5MTHFsalt, vitamin K₂, vitamin D, vitamin E, and one or more omega-3 fattyacids. In one embodiment, such a composition is formulated foradministration to a woman. In certain embodiments, the woman ispre-menopausal. In some embodiments, the woman is pregnant or attemptingto conceive. In certain embodiments, the woman has given birth withinthe previous 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months, 15months, 18 months, 21 months, or 24 months. In some embodiments, thewoman is breastfeeding.

In some embodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprises vitamin B12 asmethylcobalamin, boron as calcium fructoborate, magnesium as amagnesium-sucrosome compound or magnesium salt, iron as ferrousbisglycinate, and folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosaminesalt; and the oil comprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃,vitamin E as mixed tocopherols, and the omega-3 fatty acidsdocosahexanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. In one embodiment, such acomposition is formulated for administration to a woman. In certainembodiments, the woman is pre-menopausal. In some embodiments, the womanis pregnant or attempting to conceive. In certain embodiments, the womanhas given birth within the previous 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9months, 12 months, 15 months, 18 months, 21 months, or 24 months. Insome embodiments, the woman is breastfeeding.

In some variations, each unit dose of the dietary supplement comprisesbetween about 80 mcg to about 120 mcg, or between about 80 mcg to about100 mcg vitamin K; between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU, or betweenabout 1800 IU to about 2200 IU vitamin D; between about 5 mcg to about11 mcg, or between about 7 to about 9 mcg vitamin B12; between about 0.9mg to about 1.1 mg boron; between about 9 IU to about 15 IU, or betweenabout 9 IU to about 11 IU of vitamin E; between about 34 mg to about 65mg, or between about 34 mg to about 50 mg, or between about 34 mg toabout 42 mg, or between about 45 mg to about 65 mg, or between about 45mg to about 55 mg magnesium; between about 500 mcg to about 2600 mcg, orbetween about 500 mcg to about 800 mcg, or between about 540 mcg toabout 660 mcg, or between about 1800 mcg to about 2600 mcg, or betweenabout 1800 mcg to about 2200 mcg of folate; between about 7 mg to about24 mg, or between about 7 mg to about 9 mg, or between about 16 mg toabout 24 mg, or between about 16 mg to about 20 mg iron; and betweenabout 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3 fatty acids. In someembodiments, the composition is formulated for administration to awoman. In some embodiments, each unit dose of the dietary supplementcomprises between about 1800 mcg to about 2600 mcg, or between about1800 mcg to about 2200 mcg of folate; and between about 16 mg to about24 mg, or between about 16 mg to about 20 mg iron, and is formulated fora woman who is pregnant or attempting to conceive. Each unit dose maycomprise, for example, a plurality of beadlets or mini-tabs and oil asdescribed herein contained within one capsule, or two capsules, or threeor more capsules.

In one embodiment, the beadlets or mini-tabs consist essentially ofmethylcobalamin, calcium fructoborate, a magnesium-sucrosome compound,ferrous bisglycinate, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt,cellulose, citric acid, corn starch, corn zein, dicalcium phosphate,lecithin, and silica; and the oil consists essentially of menaquinone-7,vitamin D₃, mixed tocopherols, algal oil, ascorbyl palmitate,d-alpha-tocopherol, one or more plant oils, medium chain triglycerides,silica, and one or more odorant or flavorant agents. The one or moreplant oils may be selected from the group consisting of coconut oil andsunflower oil. The odorant or flavorant agent may be vanilla flavor,peppermint oil, peppermint flavor, ginger flavor, ginger oil, grapefruitflavor, grapefruit oil, lemon flavor, lemon oil, lime flavor, lime oil,orange flavor, or orange oil, or any combinations thereof. In oneembodiment, the odorant or flavorant agent is vanilla flavor orpeppermint oil. In one embodiment, such a composition is formulated foradministration to a woman. In certain embodiments, the woman ispre-menopausal. In some embodiments, the woman is pregnant or attemptingto conceive.

The composition may comprise at least two, at least three, at leastfour, or at least five nutrients selected from the group consisting of Bvitamins, boron, magnesium, vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, chromium,one or more carotenoids, and omega-3 fatty acids. The B vitamins may be,for example, vitamin B12, or folate, or a combination thereof. In somevariations, the composition comprises vitamin K, vitamin D, boron, andmagnesium. In other variations, the composition comprises vitamin B12,folate, boron, magnesium, vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E, chromium, oneor more carotenoids, and one or more omega-3 fatty acids. Thecomposition may comprise vitamin B12, boron as a carbohydrate-boroncomplex, magnesium as a magnesium salt or a magnesium-sucrosomecompound, folate as a 5MTHF salt, vitamin K₂, vitamin D, vitamin E,chromium as a compound comprising Cr³⁺, one or more carotenoids, and oneor more omega-3 fatty acids. In one embodiment, such a composition isformulated for administration to a woman. In certain embodiments, thewoman is post-menopausal, for example a woman who has not has menstrualperiods for at least a year.

In some embodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprises vitamin B12 asmethylcobalamin, boron as calcium fructoborate, magnesium as amagnesium-sucrosome compound, chromium as a compound comprising Cr³⁺,and folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt; and theoil comprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, vitamin E as mixedtocopherols, one or more carotenoids, and the omega-3 fatty acidsdocosahexanoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. In one embodiment, such acomposition is formulated for administration to a woman. In certainembodiments, the woman is post-menopausal.

In another embodiment, the composition comprises at least two, at leastthree, at least four, at least five, or more nutrients selected from thegroup consisting of B vitamins, boron, magnesium, zinc, vitamin K,vitamin D, vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids. In some embodiments, thecomposition further comprises one or more nutrients selected from thegroup consisting of chromium, selenium, and one or more carotenoids. TheB vitamins may be, for example, vitamin B12, vitamin B1, vitamin B3,vitamin B6, folate, or any combinations thereof. In some variations, thecomposition comprises vitamin K, vitamin D, boron, magnesium, zinc,omega-3 fatty acids, and one or more B vitamins selected from the groupconsisting of vitamin B12, vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, andfolate. In some variations, the composition further comprises selenium,chromium, or one or more carotenoids, or any combinations thereof. Inother variations, the composition comprises vitamin B12, vitamin B1,vitamin B3, vitamin B6, folate, boron, magnesium, vitamin K, vitamin D,vitamin E, chromium, selenium, one or more carotenoids, and one or moreomega-3 fatty acids. The composition may comprise vitamin B12, vitaminB1, vitamin B3 as niacinamide riboside, vitamin B6, folate as a 5-MTHFsalt, boron as a carbohydrate-boron complex, magnesium as a magnesiumsalt or a magnesium-sucrosome compound, zinc as a zinc salt, vitamin K₂,vitamin D, vitamin E, a compound that comprises Cr³⁺, a compound thatcomprises selenium, one or more carotenoids, and one or more omega-3fatty acids. In one embodiment, such a composition is formulated foradministration to a man.

In some embodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprises vitamin B12 asmethylcobalamin, folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosaminesalt, boron as calcium fructoborate, magnesium as a magnesium-sucrosomecompound or a magnesium salt, zinc as a zinc salt; and the oil comprisesvitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, vitamin E as mixed tocopherols,one or more carotenoids, and the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acidand eicosapentaenoic acid. In some embodiments, the beadlets furthercomprise vitamin B1, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, selenium asL-selenocysteine or L-selenomethionine, or chromium as a compoundcomprising Cr³⁺, or any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments,the oil further comprises one or more carotenoids. In some embodiments,the composition is formulated for administration to a man.

In certain embodiments, each unit dose comprises between about 80 mcg toabout 120 mcg, or between about 80 mcg to about 100 mcg vitamin K;between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU vitamin D; between about 14 mcgto about 21 mcg, or between about 14 mcg to about 18 mcg vitamin B12;between about 1.8 mg to about 2.6 mg, or about 1.8 mg to about 2.2 mgboron; between about 18 IU to about 26 IU, or between about 18 IU toabout 22 IU of vitamin E; between about 34 mg to about 50 mg, or betweenabout 34 mg to about 42 mg magnesium; between about 500 mcg to about 800mcg, or about 540 mcg to about 660 mcg of folate; between about 6.75 mgto about 9.75 mg, or about 6.75 mg to about 8.25 mg zinc; and betweenabout 315 mg to about 450 mg, or about 315 mg to about 385 mg of omega-3fatty acids. In some embodiments, such a composition is formulated foradministration to a man. Each unit dose may comprise, for example, aplurality of beadlets or mini-tabs and oil as described herein containedwithin one capsule, or two capsules, or three or more capsules.

In some embodiments, the beadlets or mini-tabs comprises vitamin B12 asmethylcobalamin, folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosaminesalt, boron as calcium fructoborate, magnesium as a magnesium-sucrosomecompound or a magnesium salt, and zinc as a zinc salt; and the oilcomprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D₃, vitamin E as mixedtocopherols, and the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid andeicosapentaenoic acid. In some embodiments, the composition isformulated for administration to a man.

The composition may be formulated for daily administration. Dailyadministration may include administration once, twice, three times, fourtimes, or more per day. In one embodiment, the composition is formulatedfor administration once per day, such as once per 24 hours, or once pertime period from 12 am to 11:59 pm on the same calendar date. Thecomposition may be formulated for administration in any suitable numberof capsules. For example, the composition may be formulated foradministration of one capsule, two capsules, three capsules, fourcapsules, five capsules, or more, wherein the one, two, three, four,five, or more capsules are administered once, twice, three times, fourtimes, or more per day. In one embodiment, the composition is formulatedfor administration of two capsules, once per day.

VII. Methods of Producing

The compositions provided herein may be produced by any suitable methodsknown in the art.

In certain embodiments, the beadlets are produced by applying one ormore layers to a solid core. In one embodiment, a plurality of generallyspherical cores are placed in a rotating drum. The drum is rotated andin some embodiments warmed to a certain temperature to facilitate thedrying of layers. The components of the first layer (e.g., one or moreexcipients, one or more nutrients, or any combinations thereof) arecombined with water to form a homogenous flowable slurry, which is thensprayed into the rotating drum while it rotates to coat the plurality ofcores. The flowable slurry may comprise one or more nutrients,excipients, or a combination thereof. In certain embodiments, whereinthe flowable slurry comprises one or more nutrients and one or moreexcipients, the one or more excipients are combined with the one or morenutrients to form the flowable slurry. In other embodiments, the one ormore excipients are associated with the one or more nutrients, such as,for example, a nutrient compound that comprises one or more excipients.

Spraying is suspended for a period of time and the drum is rotated untilthe layer is sufficiently dry for a subsequent layer to be added. Itshould be understood that when the subsequent layer is added, the firstlayer may still comprise water. This process may be repeated withdifferent slurries to build different layers on the core. Thepenultimate layer may comprise magnesium, for example a magnesium oxideor magnesium salt, to provide a light-colored or white appearance to thebeadlet. The inclusion of magnesium in at least one layer may provide alight-colored or white appearance without requiring the use of atitanium-containing excipient, such as titanium oxide. In someembodiments, the initial layer surrounding the core comprises one ormore light sensitive nutrients, such as one or more nutrients thatdegrades or is otherwise negatively affected by exposure to light for aperiod of time. In embodiments, where at least one layer of the beadletis opaque (such as a layer comprising certain magnesium compounds), atleast one opaque layer is applied after applying one or more layerscomprising one or more light sensitive nutrients. Light sensitivenutrients may include, for example, certain forms of vitamin B12 andfolate. A final layer may be applied, wherein the final layer comprisesone or more excipients but is essentially free of nutrients miscible inaqueous solution. This final layer may be dried in such a way as toprovide a barrier between the oil and the one or more nutrients in theone or more coatings of the beadlets in the final composition. In someembodiments, the final layer comprises protein, such as corn zein.

In certain embodiments, the mini-tabs are produced by compressing amixture of one or more nutrients and one or more excipients to producesolid base forms. The components of the solid base forms (e.g., one ormore excipients, one or more nutrients, or any combinations thereof) arecombined to form a powder or granule mixture, which may be filled into adye mold and compressed. In some embodiments, a plurality of solid baseforms are produced at once (e.g., with a dye mold that has multiple moldforms), while in other embodiments, solid base forms are produced one ata time sequentially. In certain embodiments, wherein the solid baseforms comprise one or more excipients and one or more nutrients, the oneor more excipients are combined with the one or more nutrients to formthe mixture that is compressed. In other embodiments, the one or moreexcipients are associated with the one or more nutrients, such as, forexample, a nutrient compound that comprises one or more excipients. Insome embodiments, one or more coating layers may be applied to theplurality of solid base forms to produce the mini-tabs. This may bedone, for example, by rotating the mini-tabs in a drum and spraying theplurality of solid base forms with a solution or slurry of one or moreexcipients, then suspending spraying and rotating the drum to dry thelayer. In some embodiments, a plurality of layers are applied. A finallayer may be applied (which may be the only layer), wherein the finallayer comprises one or more excipients but is essentially free ofnutrients miscible in aqueous solution. This final layer may be dried insuch a way as to provide a barrier between the oil and the one or morenutrients of the mini-tabs in the final composition. In someembodiments, the final layer comprises protein, such as corn zein. Incertain embodiments, for nutrient supplement compositions comprising oneor more water-miscible probiotics, incorporating the probiotics intomini-tabs by compressing a powder or granule mixture may result inbetter stability and/or maintain greater activity of the probiotics ascompared to incorporating the probiotics into one or more nutrientlayers of beadlets by the spraying of a probiotic-containing solution orslurry.

In certain embodiments, the components of the oil are combined toproduce the oil under an inert atmosphere, for example under nitrogen.The oil may be stored under an inert atmosphere, such as nitrogen, forexample prior to being combined with beadlets or mini-tabs. Inembodiments wherein the composition is contained in one or morecapsules, the oil may be stored under an inert atmosphere (such asnitrogen) prior to encapsulation, and during encapsulation may also beperformed under inert atmosphere, such as under nitrogen gas. In certainembodiments, oxygen is prevented from contacting the oil during at leastone or all of being produced from the components, storage beforeencapsulation, or during the encapsulation process.

VIII. Capsule

In some embodiments, the composition is contained in one or morecapsules. For example, the composition may be encapsulated in one, two,three, four, five, six, or more capsules. In certain embodiments, thecomposition is contained in two capsules. In some embodiments, thecomposition is contained in one capsule. The capsules may be preparedfrom any suitable materials.

The composition may be contained in one or more extended releasecapsules that delay or extend the release of the capsule contents. Forexample, extended release capsules may reduce the amount of capsulecontents released in the stomach, such that the majority or all of thecontents are released in the digestive system after the capsule passesthrough the stomach. The use of a delayed release capsule may increaseabsorption of the nutrients contained therein, decrease unwantedinteractions of the nutrients contained therein, or both, by releasingnutrients where they are optimally absorbed in the gastrointestinaltract. In some variations, the capsules comprise an extended releasecoating. Releasing nutrients past the stomach may prevent exposure ofthe nutrients to the low pH of the stomach, which can damage certainnutrients or cause them to undergo one or more chemical reactions. Inaddition, stomach acid can cause unwanted interactions between one ormore nutrients or excipients that do not occur at the pH of the smallintestine.

The one or more capsules may comprise one or more polymers, such ashydroxypropyl methylcellulose (hypromellose), gellan gum, pullalan, orany combinations thereof. The one or more capsules may comprise anexcipient, such as one or more binders, fillers, diluents, lubricants,or any combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the capsules comprisehypromellose, gellan gum, and silica. In some embodiments, the one ormore capsules consist essentially of hypromellose, gellan gum, andsilica.

In certain embodiments, the one or more capsules are essentially free ofingredients derived from animals. For example, the one or more capsulesmay comprise less than 1 wt %, less than 0.1 wt %, or less than 0.01 wt% gelatin. The one or more capsules may be essentially free of gelatin.

The one or more capsules may be translucent. In some embodiments, theone or more capsules are transparent.

IX. Insert

Also provided herein is a scented insert. Said scented insert may be,for example, included in a container with a composition as describedherein. Including a scented insert with the composition may associate adesirable odor with the composition or reduce the perception of anundesirable odor, which may increase a subject's compliance with adosing regimen. For example, the composition may comprise algal oil,which may impart an undesirable “fishy” odor. Including a scented insertwith a composition that comprises algal oil may decrease the perceptionof an undesirable “fishy” odor, which may in turn increase compliancewith the dosing regimen of the dietary supplement composition.

In some embodiments, the insert comprises polymer and an odorant agent.The odorant agent may be derived from natural sources. In someembodiments, the odorant agent comprises a plant oil, one or morecompounds derived from plants, or an oil comprising one or morecompounds derived from a plant. In some embodiments, the odorant agentis a plant oil, one or more compounds derived from plants, or an oilcomprising one or more compounds derived from a plant. In someembodiments, the odorant agent comprises an oil, extract, or scent ofberry, cherry, cinnamon, clove, ginger, grapefruit, lemon, lime, nutmeg,or orange, or any combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, theodorant agent comprises a mint oil or mint extract. In one embodiment,the mint is peppermint. In one embodiment, the odorant agent is derivedfrom Mentha piperita L. The scented insert may comprise up to 1%, up to3%, up to 5%, up to 7%, up to 10%, up to 12%, up to 15%, or up to 20% ofthe odorant agent by weight. In certain embodiments, the scented insertcomprises between 1% to 20%, between 5% to 15%, between 8% to 12%, orbetween 9% to 11% of the odorant agent by weight. In certainembodiments, the scented insert comprises about 10% of the odorant agentby weight.

In some embodiments, the polymer is a copolymer. The polymer maycomprise vinyl acetate. The polymer may be a vinyl acetate copolymer.The polymer may comprise ethylene. In one embodiment, the polymer isethylene vinyl acetate. The scented insert may comprise up to 99%, up to97%, up to 95%, up to 92%, up to 90%, up to 88%, up to 85%, or up to 80%polymer by weight. In certain embodiments, the scented insert comprisesfrom 99% to 80%, from 95% to 85%, from 92% to 88%, or from 91% to 89%polymer by weight. In certain embodiments, the scented insert comprisesabout 90% polymer by weight.

In one embodiment, the scented insert consists essentially of odorantagent and polymer.

The scented insert may be any suitable shape. The insert may generallyhave the shape of a polygon with three, four, five, six, seven, eight,nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, or more sides.The insert may be a triangle; quadrilateral, such as a square,rectangle, rhombus, parallelogram, trapezoid, rhomboid, kite; apentagon; a hexagon; a heptagon; a octagon; a nonagon; a decagon; aring; a prism, such as a cube; a sphere; a pyramid, such as a rightpyramid, a rectangular pyramid, a rhombic pyramid, or a star pyramid; acone; a torus; a cylinder; a letter; a symbol; or a word. The insert maybe in the shape of a star, for example a three-pointed star,four-pointed star, five-pointed star, six-pointed star, seven-pointedstar, eight-pointed star, nine-pointed star, ten-pointed star,eleven-pointed star, twelve-pointed star, thirteen-pointed star,fourteen-pointed star, fifteen-pointed star, or a star with greater thanfifteen points. The star may be symmetrical, or may not have a plane ofsymmetry. The insert may be generally round, for example be circular orovoid. In some embodiments, the insert is shaped to emulate anotherobject, for example an animal, plant, or inanimate object. In someembodiments, the insert comprises one or more holes or cutouts.

The insert may have a generally consistent thickness, for example havinga thickness that deviates less than 10%, less than 5%, less than 2%,less than 1%, or less than 0.5%. In other embodiments, the insertcomprises at least one point that deviates greater than 15%, greaterthan 20%, greater than 25%, greater than 30%, or greater than 35% inthickness from at least one other point. In some variations, the insertis relatively flat. In other variations, the insert is generally notflat. The insert may comprise one or more letters or symbols, forexample located on one or more surfaces of the insert. The one or moreletters or symbols may be embossed, punched, or etched into the surface.

The insert may be translucent. In some embodiments, the insert istransparent.

X. Packaging

The compositions provided herein may be packaged in any suitablecontainer. The container may be, for example, a bottle or a jar. Thecontainer may be of any suitable material, such as plastic or glass. Insome embodiments, the container comprises a lid, for example a cap, suchas a snap-on cap or a screw top cap. In some embodiments, the lid isfully removable, for example, the lid may be completely separated fromthe container. In other embodiments, the lid may be connected to thecontainer, for example by a piece of material that is attached to boththe cap and the container, such that when the cap is removed from theopening of the container it is still connected to the container.

In some embodiments, the container comprises one or more plastics. Thecontainer may be essentially free of one or more bisphenol compounds. Inone embodiment, the container is essentially free of bisphenol A. Thecontainer may be any suitable color, or may comprise a plurality ofcolors, or may be transparent or translucent. In some embodiments, atleast a portion of the bottle is transparent or translucent. In oneembodiment, the container is transparent. In some embodiments, thecontainer comprises a bottle and a removable screw-top lid, wherein thebottle and lid comprise plastic and are essentially free of bisphenol A.In one embodiment, the bottle is transparent and the lid is white.

The container may further comprise one or more markings, such as a labelor design. The markings may comprise one or more words, symbols,instructions, slogans, or combinations thereof. The one or more markingsmay be any suitable color, or a plurality of colors. In one embodiment,the markings are white.

As described above, in some embodiments the container comprises ascented insert. For example, a scented insert may be included inside thebottle, along with the composition.

The container may be further packaged in one or more additionalcontainers. In some embodiments, the additional container is a box, suchas a cardboard box, for example a corrugated cardboard box. For example,in some embodiments the composition is packaged in a containercomprising a bottle and a removable screw-top lid, wherein the containeris further packaged in an additional container comprising a cardboardbox. The additional container may be any suitable color or shape, andmay comprise one or more markings. In some embodiments, the additionalcontainer is a cardboard box comprising an attached lid that partiallytucks into the base, wherein the box comprises a white exterior and ayellow interior, and one or more markings. In some embodiments, thecomposition is contained in one more transparent capsules.

The packaging may further comprise instructions, for example one or morepamphlets, sheets, booklets, or other written media. The instructionsmay be made of any suitable material, such as paper.

Provided herein is a kit, comprising a dietary nutrient composition asdescribed herein, and a container. In some embodiments, the kit furthercomprises instructions. In certain embodiments, the composition iscontained within one or more capsules; and the one or more capsules arepackaged in the container. In some embodiments, the container comprisesa bottle and a removable screw-top lid, wherein the container comprisesplastic. In certain embodiments, the one or more capsules aretransparent. In still other embodiments, the one or more capsules areessentially free of gelatin. In some embodiments, the kit furthercomprises a scented insert, wherein the scented insert is located withinthe container. The scented insert may be translucent. In someembodiments, the container is further packaged within an additionalcontainer, wherein additional container comprises a cardboard box. Incertain embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions. In someembodiments, the composition is formulated for administration to women.In one embodiment, the composition is formulated for dailyadministration.

In one embodiment, provided herein is a kit, comprising a compositioncomprising:

a plurality of beadlets and oil, as described herein;

one or more capsules, wherein the composition is contained within theone or more capsules, and the one or more capsules are transparent andessentially free of gelatin; and

a container comprising a bottle and a removable screw-top lid, whereinthe container comprises plastic and is essentially free of bisphenol A,the bottle is transparent, the one or more capsules are packaged withinthe container, and the container comprises a scented insert wherein thescented insert is inside the bottle.

In another embodiment, provided herein is a kit, comprising acomposition comprising:

a plurality of mini-tabs and oil, as described herein;

one or more capsules, wherein the composition is contained within theone or more capsules, and the one or more capsules are transparent andessentially free of gelatin; and

a container comprising a bottle and a removable screw-top lid, whereinthe container comprises plastic and is essentially free of bisphenol A,the bottle is transparent, the one or more capsules are packaged withinthe container, and the container comprises a scented insert wherein thescented insert is inside the bottle.

In some embodiments, the scented insert is translucent. In otherembodiments, the plurality of beadlets are white or light colored. Infurther embodiments, the oil is translucent. In still furtherembodiments, the container is further packaged within an additionalcontainer, wherein additional container comprises a cardboard box. Inother embodiments, the kit further comprises instructions. In certainembodiments, the composition is formulated for administration to women.In one embodiment, the composition is formulated for once dailyadministration to women, and is contained within two capsules. In afurther embodiment, the oil comprises one or more odorant agents.

EXAMPLES

The following Examples are merely illustrative and are not meant tolimit any aspects of the present disclosure in any way.

Example 1 Preparation of Beadlets

This example describes the production of a plurality of beadlets,wherein the beadlets comprise at least one nutrient that is miscible inaqueous solution.

Generally spherical microcrystalline cellulose cores were placed in arotating drum. The drum was rotated and warmed to a predeterminedtemperature to facilitate the drying of layers. The components of thefirst layer (excipients and nutrients) were combined with water to forma homogenous flowable slurry, which was then sprayed into the rotatingdrum while it rotated to coat the MCC cores. Spraying was suspended fora period of time and the drum was rotated until the initial layer wassufficiently dry for a subsequent layer to be added. The subsequentlayers were then applied to the cores in a similar manner, using adifferent mixture of excipients and nutrients to prepare a slurry,spraying the slurry into the rotating drum, and drying the coated cores.The second-to-last layer included a magnesium-sucrosome compound toprovide a light-colored or white appearance to the beadlet. The finallayer included corn zein, and was dried in such a way as to provide abarrier between the oil and the nutrients in the coatings of thebeadlets.

Example 2 Women's Daily Formulation

This example describes the preparation and components of an exemplarydietary supplement composition formulated for once daily administrationto women. This exemplary composition is encapsulated, wherein twocapsules comprise one daily dose of the nutrient composition.

The components of the beadlets, oil, and capsules were tested by QualityControl prior to manufacturing. To produce the oil, the oil ingredientswere assembled and blended together in an appropriate container (kettle)under a nitrogen atmosphere. Automated robotic containers with WiFicapability overseen by production personnel were used to add, weigh, andblend the oil components, and to transport the finished oil to theencapsulation machine. The beadlets were prepared according to Example1.

Encapsulation of beadlets and oil into was performed under a nitrogenatmosphere. Capsule halves and beadlets were loaded into separatehoppers that feed into the encapsulation machine. Oil was pumped fromthe automated containers directly into the encapsulation machine,without being exposed to air. Capsule halves were placed into cassettes,and then were filled with beadlets to the specified amount. Oil was thenadded to the capsules in the specified amount and time allowed for thebeadlets to settle into the oil, with agitation to remove bubbles andensure that the beadlets and oil would fit into each capsule. The uppercapsule half was added and the capsule was closed. Closed capsulesentered a banding/sealing unit that sealed the capsules, preferably witha band of the same material as the capsule to prevent leakage and toprovide an airtight seal. Capsules were inspected and sent to QualityControl quarantine for testing before being released for administrationto a subject.

The quantity of nutrients per dosage (of two capsules) is listed inTable 1 below. Size 0 vegetarian, delayed-release capsules (DRcaps® AcidResistant Capsules) made by Capsugel® were used for this formulation.Other capsule sizes and/or gelatin capsules could also be used toencapsulate the formulation below.

TABLE 1 Nutrient composition formulated for women. Amount per % DailyNutrient serving Value Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol) 2000 IU 500Vitamin E (as alpha tocopherol from 10 IU 33 mixed tocopherols) (fromBrassica napus) (seed) Vitamin K (as menaquinone-7) 90 mcg 112 Folate(as 6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 600 mcg 150 glucosamine salt) VitaminB12 (as methylcobalamin) 8 mcg 133 Iron (as ferrous bisglycinate) 8 mg44 Magnesium (as Dimagnesium malate) 38 mg 8 Boron (as calciumfructoborate) 1 mg ** Omega-3 Fatty Acids (from 320 mg ** Schizochytriumspp.) (whole microalgae) Other ingredients: Beadlets (cellulose, nonGMOcorn zein), delayed release vegetarian capsule (hypromellose, gellangum), silica, vanilla flavor, peppermint oil

Example 3 Men's Daily Formulation

This example describes the components of an exemplary dietary supplementcomposition formulated for once daily administration to men. Thisexemplary composition could be encapsulated, wherein two capsulescomprise one daily dose of the nutrient composition. This formulationcould be prepared according to the procedure of Example 2 above. Thequantity of nutrients per dose (for example, two capsules) is listed inTable 2 below.

TABLE 2 Exemplary nutrient composition formulated for men. Amount per %Daily Nutrient serving Value Vitamin A (as provitamin A beta 5000 IU 100carotene) Vitamin D (as cholecalciferol) 2000 IU 500 Vitamin E (as alphatocopherol from 20 IU 6 mixed tocopherols) (from Brassica napus) (seed)Vitamin K (as menaquinone-7) 90 mcg 112 Folate (as6S-5-methyltetrahydrofolate 600 mcg 150 glucosamine salt) Vitamin B12(as methylcobalamin) 16 mcg 266 Zinc (as zinc bisglycinate) 7.5 mg 5044Magnesium (as Dimagnesium malate) 38 mg 8 Boron (as calciumfructoborate) 2 mg ** Mixed carotenoids (alpha carotene, 10 mg **lutein, lycopene) Omega-3 Fatty Acids (from 350 mg ** Schizochytriumspp.) (whole microalgae) Other ingredients: Beadlets (cellulose, nonGMOcorn zein), delayed release vegetarian capsule (hypromellose, gellangum), silica

Enumerated Embodiments

Embodiment 1. A daily women's health dietary supplement comprising aplurality of beadlets and oil, wherein:

the beadlets are solid, and comprise one or more nutrients miscible inaqueous solution selected from the group consisting of vitamin B12,boron, magnesium, iron, and folate; and

the oil is liquid, and comprises one or more fat-soluble nutrientsselected from the group consisting of vitamin K, vitamin D, vitamin E,and omega-3 fatty acids.

Embodiment 2. The daily women's health dietary supplement of Embodiment1, wherein the beadlets comprise vitamin B12 and folate, and the weightratio of vitamin B12 to folate is from about 7:660 to about 9:540.

Embodiment 3. The daily women's health dietary supplement of Embodiment1 or 2, wherein the beadlets comprise iron and magnesium, and the weightratio of iron to magnesium is from about 7:55 to about 9:45.

Embodiment 4. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 3, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and iron, andthe weight ratio of boron to iron is from about 0.9:9 to about 1.1:7.

Embodiment 5. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 4, wherein beadlets comprise vitamin B12, the oilcomprises vitamin K, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K isfrom about 7:100 to about 9:80.

Embodiment 6. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 5, wherein oil comprises omega-3 fatty acids, thebeadlets comprise magnesium, and the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acidsto magnesium is from about 290:55 to about 350:45.

Embodiment 7. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 6, wherein the oil comprises vitamin E and vitamin D,and the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is from about 9:2200 to about11:1800.

Embodiment 8. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 7, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and magnesium,and the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.9:55 to about1.1:45.

Embodiment 9. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 8, wherein the oil comprises vitamin K, the beadletscomprise boron, and the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about80:1100 to about 100:900.

Embodiment 10. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 9, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and magnesium,and the oil comprises vitamin D and vitamin K.

Embodiment 11. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 10, wherein the beadlets comprise vitamin B12, boron,magnesium, iron, and folate; and the oil comprises vitamin K, vitamin D,vitamin E, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Embodiment 12. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 11, wherein:

the beadlets comprise vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, boron as calciumfructoborate, magnesium as a magnesium-sucrosome compound, iron asferrous bisglycinate, and folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolateglucosamine salt; and

the oil comprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D3, vitamin E asmixed tocopherols, and the omega-3 fatty acids docosahexanoic acid andeicosapentaenoic acid.

Embodiment 13. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 12, wherein:

the beadlets consist essentially of methylcobalamin, calciumfructoborate, a magnesium-sucrosome compound, ferrous bisglycinate,(6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt, cellulose, citric acid,corn starch, corn zein, tricalcium phosphate, lecithin, rice starch, andsilica; and

the oil consists essentially of menaquinone-7, vitamin D3, mixedtocopherols, algal oil comprising omega-3 fatty acids, ascorbylpalmitate, d-alpha-tocopherol, coconut oil, medium chain triglycerides,silica, sunflower oil, and one or more odorant agents.

Embodiment 14. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 13, wherein the daily women's health dietary supplementis packaged in a transparent bottle.

Embodiment 15. The daily women's health dietary supplement of Embodiment14, wherein the bottle comprises a scented insert.

Embodiment 16. The daily women's health dietary supplement of Embodiment15, wherein the scented insert comprises a polymer and a scented oil.

Embodiment 17. The daily women's health dietary supplement of Embodiment16, wherein the scented insert consists essentially of ethylene vinylacetate and peppermint oil.

Embodiment 18. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 17, wherein each unit dose comprises:

between about 80 mcg to about 100 mcg vitamin K;

between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU vitamin D;

between about 5 mcg to about 20 mcg vitamin B12;

between about 0.9 mg to about 1.1 mg boron;

between about 9 IU to about 15 IU of vitamin E;

between about 35 mg to about 65 mg magnesium;

between about 500 mcg to about 800 mcg of folate;

between about 7 mg to about 9 mg iron; and

between about 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.

Embodiment 19. The daily women's health dietary supplement of any one ofEmbodiments 1 to 18, wherein the daily women's health dietary supplementcomprises vitamin D₃, vitamin K, boron, and magnesium, and:

the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin K is from about 0.045:0.099 toabout 0.055:0.081;

the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 0.081:1.1 to about0.099:0.9;

and the weight ratio of magnesium to boron is from about 45:1.1 to about55:0.9.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A daily men's health dietary supplement comprising a plurality of beadlets and oil, wherein: the beadlets are solid, and comprise one or more nutrients miscible in aqueous solution selected from the group consisting of vitamin B12, boron, magnesium, zinc, and folate; and the oil is liquid, and comprises one or more fat-soluble nutrients selected from the group consisting of vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin K, and omega-3 fatty acids.
 22. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets comprise vitamin B12 and folate, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to folate is from about 6:140 to about 18:360.
 23. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets comprise zinc and magnesium, and the weight ratio of zinc to magnesium is from about 2.0:70 to about 2.8:20.
 24. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and zinc, and the weight ratio of boron to zinc is from about 0.5:2.8 to about 0.9:2.0.
 25. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein beadlets comprise vitamin B12, the oil comprises vitamin A, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin A is from about 7:300 to about 17:90.
 26. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein beadlets comprise vitamin B12, the oil comprises vitamin K, and the weight ratio of vitamin B12 to vitamin K is from about 7:100 to about 17:90.
 27. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein oil comprises omega-3 fatty acids, the beadlets comprise magnesium, and the weight ratio of omega-3 fatty acids to magnesium is from about 300:80 to about 360:20.
 28. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the oil comprises vitamin E and vitamin D, and the IU ratio of vitamin E to vitamin D is from about 6:2200 to about 18:1800.
 29. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and magnesium, and the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.5:70 to about 0.9:20.
 30. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the oil comprises vitamin K, the beadlets comprise boron, and the weight ratio of vitamin K to boron is from about 70:800 to about 120:600.
 31. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets comprise boron and magnesium, and the oil comprises vitamin D and vitamin A.
 32. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 31, wherein the beadlets comprise vitamin B12, boron, magnesium, zinc, and folate; and the oil comprises vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K and omega-3 fatty acids.
 33. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 32, wherein: the beadlets comprise vitamin B12 as methylcobalamin, boron as calcium fructoborate, magnesium as a dimagnesium malate, zinc as zinc bisglycinate, and folate as (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt; and the oil comprises vitamin K as menaquinone-7, vitamin D3, vitamin E as α-tocopherol, the omega-3 fatty acid as docosahexaenoic acid and Vitamin A as retinyl palmitate.
 34. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 33, wherein: the beadlets consist essentially of methylcobalamin, calcium fructoborate, dimagnesium malate, zinc bisglycinate, (6S)-5-methyltetrahydrofolate glucosamine salt, cellulose, citric acid, corn starch, corn zein, tricalcium phosphate, lecithin, rice starch, and silica; and the oil consists essentially of menaquinone-7, vitamin D3, α-tocopherols, retinyl palmitate, algal oil comprising omega-3 fatty acids, ascorbyl palmitate, d-alpha-tocopherol, coconut oil, medium chain triglycerides, silica, sunflower oil, and one or more odorant agents.
 35. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the daily men's health dietary supplement is packaged in a transparent bottle.
 36. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 35, wherein the bottle comprises a scented insert.
 37. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 36, wherein the scented insert comprises a polymer and a scented oil.
 38. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 37, wherein the scented insert consists essentially of ethylene vinyl acetate and peppermint oil.
 39. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 31, wherein the daily men's health dietary supplement comprises vitamin D₃, vitamin A, boron, and magnesium, and: the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin A is from about 40:300 to about 60:90; the weight ratio of vitamin A to boron is from about 90:800 to about 300:600; and the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.5:70 to about 0.9:20.
 40. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 32, wherein each unit dose comprises: between about 80 mcg to about 110 mcg vitamin K; between about 1800 IU to about 2500 IU vitamin D; between about 5 mcg to about 20 mcg vitamin B12; between about 0.5 mg to about 1.0 mg boron; between about 6 IU to about 18 IU of vitamin E; between about 20 mg to about 70 mg magnesium; between about 50 mcg to about 500 mcg of folate; between about 1 mg to about 4 mg zinc; between about 90 mcg Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE) to about 300 mcg RAE vitamin A; and between about 290 mg to about 350 mg of omega-3 fatty acids.
 41. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 40, wherein the daily men's health dietary supplement comprises vitamin D₃, vitamin A, boron, and magnesium, and: the weight ratio of vitamin D₃ to vitamin A is from about 40:300 to about 60:90; the weight ratio of vitamin A to boron is from about 90:800 to about 300:600; and the weight ratio of boron to magnesium is from about 0.5:70 to about 0.9:20.
 42. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the beadlets further comprise an outer coating layer comprising zein.
 43. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the men's health dietary supplement is contained in an extended release capsule.
 44. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the extended release capsule is essentially free of components derived from animals.
 45. The daily men's health dietary supplement of claim 21, wherein the extended release capsule releases a majority of the plurality of beadlets and oil after passing through a user's stomach. 